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在我(wo)國，90%的(de)300米以(yi)上摩天(tian)大樓(lou)、3/4的(de)重點機場、3/4的(de)衛星(xing)發射基地(di)、1/3的(de)城(cheng)市綜合管(guan)廊、1/2的(de)核(he)電站是(shi)(shi)由中(zhong)國建筑投資建設，而你可(ke)能(neng)不知(zhi)道的(de)是(shi)(shi)，近(jin)年來中(zhong)國建筑已(yi)從陸上發展(zhan)到深(shen)海。2017年底，洋山深(shen)水港(gang)(gang)四期工程即將開(kai)港(gang)(gang)試運(yun)行，屆時擁有7個大型深(shen)水泊位的(de)洋山港(gang)(gang)四期將成為世界最大的(de)自動化集裝(zhuang)箱碼頭(tou)。

洋(yang)山(shan)深水(shui)港(gang)是世界最大的(de)(de)海(hai)(hai)島型人工深水(shui)港(gang)，也是建(jian)設(she)(she)上海(hai)(hai)國(guo)(guo)際航運中心(xin)的(de)(de)戰(zhan)略(lve)和樞(shu)紐型工程(cheng)(cheng)。洋(yang)山(shan)港(gang)全面建(jian)成(cheng)后，將(jiang)助推上海(hai)(hai)港(gang)年集裝箱吞(tun)(tun)吐(tu)量(liang)突破4000萬TEU（標準箱），這個數字超過了(le)(le)美(mei)國(guo)(guo)九大港(gang)口的(de)(de)吞(tun)(tun)吐(tu)總(zong)量(liang)，也是目前全球港(gang)口年吞(tun)(tun)吐(tu)量(liang)的(de)(de)十(shi)分之一(yi)(yi)。從2002年6月(yue)26日中國(guo)(guo)建(jian)筑工程(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)公司旗(qi)下(xia)的(de)(de)中建(jian)港(gang)務在(zai)洋(yang)山(shan)深水(shui)港(gang)區一(yi)(yi)期C標碼(ma)頭打下(xia)第一(yi)(yi)根樁開始，經過十(shi)五年的(de)(de)建(jian)設(she)(she)歷(li)程(cheng)(cheng)，把一(yi)(yi)個僅有3000原住漁(yu)民的(de)(de)孤(gu)島小漁(yu)村，變成(cheng)了(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)片(pian)總(zong)面積相當(dang)于1000多(duo)個足(zu)球場大小的(de)(de)現代(dai)化(hua)深水(shui)港(gang)新“桑(sang)田(tian)”，譜寫出一(yi)(yi)幅(fu)壯美(mei)的(de)(de)現代(dai)版(ban)“精衛填海(hai)(hai)”歷(li)史(shi)新長卷。

“精衛填海”，筑就世界第一深水大港

開工以前的洋山深(shen)水(shui)(shui)港，是距離上海(hai)(hai)30公(gong)里互不相(xiang)鄰的10余(yu)個小海(hai)(hai)島，之間海(hai)(hai)溝深(shen)度最深(shen)超過(guo)(guo)30米。如今15年過(guo)(guo)去，海(hai)(hai)溝已經填平(ping)，海(hai)(hai)島連在一起，形(xing)成了(le)陸域面積超過(guo)(guo)8平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)里的現(xian)代洋山深(shen)水(shui)(shui)港區(qu)，與大陸通過(guo)(guo)東海(hai)(hai)大橋連接。據不完(wan)全(quan)統計，為(wei)了(le)填平(ping)這些海(hai)(hai)溝，洋山砂(sha)石(shi)拋填總量(liang)超過(guo)(guo)1億立方(fang)米，相(xiang)當于(yu)在平(ping)均水(shui)(shui)深(shen)20多(duo)米的島嶼之間，在1000多(duo)個足(zu)球場(chang)的范圍(wei)內，將砂(sha)石(shi)堆到七層樓(lou)的高度。

建設前的小洋山

洋山港一二三期

洋山港工(gong)(gong)程從2002年開工(gong)(gong)建設，一至三期工(gong)(gong)程現已完工(gong)(gong)，共(gong)有16個7萬-15萬噸級深(shen)水集(ji)裝(zhuang)箱(xiang)泊(bo)位。中建港務(wu)和兄弟單位一起(qi)，累計(ji)建成集(ji)裝(zhuang)箱(xiang)深(shen)水港碼頭岸線5.6公里、集(ji)裝(zhuang)箱(xiang)堆場(chang)8平方(fang)公里，釋放出(chu)年集(ji)裝(zhuang)箱(xiang)吞吐量超過1500萬TEU的生產能力(li)，為上(shang)海港連續(xu)多年雄(xiong)踞全球集(ji)裝(zhuang)箱(xiang)第一大港提供了最為堅(jian)定的支撐。

即將(jiang)收尾的洋(yang)山港(gang)四(si)期工(gong)程(cheng)，碼頭岸線長2350米(mi)(mi)(mi)，陸域總面(mian)積223.16萬平方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)，建設(she)7個大型深水泊(bo)位。中建港(gang)務的主要建設(she)內容(rong)包括(kuo)：水工(gong)碼頭、工(gong)作船碼頭、地基加固(gu)、道路堆場以及綜合辦公樓建設(she)，工(gong)程(cheng)量達到(dao)(dao)洋(yang)山四(si)期全(quan)部(bu)土建工(gong)程(cheng)總量的75%。建設(she)洋(yang)山港(gang)的15年間(jian)，中建港(gang)務在小洋(yang)山海域的狂(kuang)風巨浪(lang)中，累計成功沉樁7147根，首尾相接(jie)長度超過443114延(yan)長米(mi)(mi)(mi)，排在地表(biao)約(yue)等于(yu)上海到(dao)(dao)合肥的陸路距離。

自動化的洋山港四期工程

“群鴻戲海”，領跑水工工程建設新標準

架高100米打樁船“中建樁7”打樁現場

洋(yang)(yang)(yang)山港(gang)建(jian)設至今，中(zhong)(zhong)建(jian)港(gang)務洋(yang)(yang)(yang)山項目總(zong)部致力于打造國(guo)(guo)(guo)內水工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設新高(gao)程(cheng)(cheng)，3項施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)法獲評(ping)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)一(yi)級工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)法，6項施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)法被評(ping)為交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)部水運工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)級工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)法。洋(yang)(yang)(yang)山四期(qi)(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設中(zhong)(zhong)，洋(yang)(yang)(yang)山項目總(zong)部編(bian)制和實施(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)《洋(yang)(yang)(yang)山四期(qi)(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)CI標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)(hua)手冊》，在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)建(jian)筑所(suo)屬系統率先(xian)確立水工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)CI標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)建(jian)設典范。2016年，在(zai)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)運輸部質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)監(jian)局、上海市交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)建(jian)設工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)監(jian)站指(zhi)導下，項目部率先(xian)在(zai)國(guo)(guo)(guo)內水工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)界開展《水運工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)(hua)建(jian)設》試點(dian)，編(bian)制實施(shi)(shi)(shi)《水運工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)(hua)建(jian)設指(zhi)南實施(shi)(shi)(shi)方案》。2016年9月28日，交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)部百人專家(jia)團到現場(chang)觀摩(mo)，對洋(yang)(yang)(yang)山四期(qi)(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)建(jian)設細節、質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量安(an)全和施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)(hua)等內容進行深(shen)入探討，一(yi)致給予(yu)高(gao)度(du)評(ping)價(jia)。中(zhong)(zhong)建(jian)港(gang)務參與編(bian)制的(de)《上海國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)航運中(zhong)(zhong)心洋(yang)(yang)(yang)山深(shen)水港(gang)區(qu)四期(qi)(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)U型槽軌(gui)枕道(dao)砟(zha)基礎及軌(gui)道(dao)安(an)裝工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量檢驗標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)（試行）》，正進入交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)部部級標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)審核流程(cheng)(cheng)。 

“金翅擘海”，智造技術領先新港區

起重船正在安裝洋山四期工作船碼頭首個沉箱

15年(nian)的洋(yang)山建(jian)(jian)設史，是一(yi)(yi)部中(zhong)(zhong)建(jian)(jian)港務(wu)洋(yang)山人的科技創新奮斗(dou)史。面(mian)對第一(yi)(yi)次(ci)施打大口(kou)徑密排鋼(gang)管樁，第一(yi)(yi)次(ci)施工海上大體積高性能混凝土，第一(yi)(yi)次(ci)自主制造大口(kou)徑高標準螺旋鋼(gang)管樁，第一(yi)(yi)次(ci)見識(shi)水(shui)下陽極塊，第一(yi)(yi)次(ci)實施深海地(di)基(ji)加(jia)固，第一(yi)(yi)次(ci)施工水(shui)下倒濾層……中(zhong)(zhong)建(jian)(jian)港務(wu)在(zai)眾多(duo)參建(jian)(jian)隊伍中(zhong)(zhong)第一(yi)(yi)個獲(huo)得國(guo)家發(fa)明(ming)和(he)實用新型專利，完成水(shui)工碼頭、地(di)基(ji)加(jia)固、道堆施工多(duo)項(xiang)技術總(zong)結，為企(qi)業核心競爭力(li)的提(ti)升(sheng)集聚了大量的寶(bao)貴財富(fu)。

在(zai)對(dui)吹砂堆積區域(yu)進(jin)行(xing)振(zhen)(zhen)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)加(jia)固時(shi)，中(zhong)建港務(wu)(wu)的(de)振(zhen)(zhen)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)裝(zhuang)置要深入到地(di)(di)(di)表以下(xia)20多米進(jin)行(xing)振(zhen)(zhen)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)，整(zheng)個振(zhen)(zhen)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)過程都是(shi)在(zai)監(jian)管(guan)人員目光無法(fa)觸及的(de)“黑箱”中(zhong)進(jin)行(xing)的(de)，洋(yang)山(shan)項目部(bu)自主開發出(chu)“自動(dong)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)下(xia)深層粉細砂地(di)(di)(di)基振(zhen)(zhen)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)”工(gong)(gong)(gong)法(fa)。在(zai)對(dui)洋(yang)山(shan)原始地(di)(di)(di)貌中(zhong)的(de)淤泥地(di)(di)(di)區進(jin)行(xing)加(jia)固時(shi)，項目部(bu)又(you)開發出(chu)“自動(dong)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)條件下(xia)具有穩帶技術(shu)的(de)塑料排水(shui)板施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)”工(gong)(gong)(gong)法(fa)。最后，他們又(you)將自動(dong)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)應(ying)用(yong)到碎石回填區域(yu)加(jia)固施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)，開發出(chu)“利用(yong)自動(dong)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)進(jin)行(xing)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質量控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)的(de)強夯施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)”工(gong)(gong)(gong)法(fa)。至此，中(zhong)建港務(wu)(wu)將洋(yang)山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)基加(jia)固領(ling)域(yu)中(zhong)三大常用(yong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝全部(bu)實現了(le)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過程監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)的(de)自動(dong)化。

經過15年的創新，中國(guo)建筑洋山港項(xiang)(xiang)目獲(huo)得1項(xiang)(xiang)全國(guo)科(ke)技進步(bu)二(er)等獎(jiang)，1項(xiang)(xiang)上(shang)海(hai)市科(ke)技進步(bu)一等獎(jiang)，4項(xiang)(xiang)發(fa)明專利，9項(xiang)(xiang)實(shi)用(yong)新型專利，5項(xiang)(xiang)全國(guo)發(fa)明展覽(lan)會金獎(jiang)、銀獎(jiang)。 

精彩不止洋山港

洋山青年突擊隊

除(chu)洋山(shan)港(gang)(gang)(gang)項目外，中(zhong)國(guo)建(jian)(jian)筑在(zai)海外水工市場也收(shou)獲(huo)了大(da)量訂(ding)單。今(jin)年5月24日(ri)，由中(zhong)國(guo)建(jian)(jian)筑承建(jian)(jian)，中(zhong)建(jian)(jian)港(gang)(gang)(gang)務和中(zhong)建(jian)(jian)八局負責(ze)具體實施的非(fei)洲吉布提(ti)(ti)多(duo)(duo)哈雷多(duo)(duo)功(gong)能港(gang)(gang)(gang)口(kou)(一(yi)期)舉(ju)行開(kai)港(gang)(gang)(gang)儀(yi)式。吉布提(ti)(ti)多(duo)(duo)哈雷港(gang)(gang)(gang)設(she)計吞(tun)吐能力(li)為20萬(wan)標準箱，合同金額為4.217億(yi)美元(yuan)，是(shi)中(zhong)資(zi)建(jian)(jian)筑企業迄今(jin)為止在(zai)東北非(fei)地區(qu)承接的最大(da)規模港(gang)(gang)(gang)口(kou)項目，是(shi)中(zhong)國(guo)建(jian)(jian)筑目前完(wan)成的海外最大(da)的水工項目。吉布提(ti)(ti)地處亞(ya)非(fei)歐十(shi)字路(lu)口(kou)，是(shi)國(guo)際主航線(xian)必經之地，也是(shi)一(yi)帶一(yi)路(lu)上重要的銜接點。

不論是陸(lu)上還是海上，中國(guo)建筑都以一(yi)貫的工程質量(liang)廣受(shou)好評(ping)，進(jin)而(er)拓展了更大(da)的市場。據統(tong)計，中國(guo)建筑營業收(shou)入平(ping)均每十二(er)年增長十倍。位居2016年度《財富》世界500強第(di)24位，獲得標普、穆迪(di)、惠(hui)譽(yu)等(deng)國(guo)際三大(da)評(ping)級機構信用評(ping)級A級，為全(quan)球建筑行業最(zui)高信用評(ping)級。

截(jie)至十(shi)二五末，中國(guo)建(jian)筑基礎(chu)設施(shi)已完成(cheng)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)2000億元，續(xu)投(tou)(tou)將達萬億元，投(tou)(tou)資(zi)、建(jian)設和運營(ying)的鐵路里程1800多公(gong)里；公(gong)路里程達十(shi)幾(ji)萬公(gong)里；軌(gui)道交(jiao)通里程數(shu)百公(gong)里。隧道、橋(qiao)梁(liang)、機場、港(gang)口、核電(dian)等工程星(xing)羅棋布，并已成(cheng)為國(guo)家城市綜合(he)管廊和海綿(mian)城市建(jian)設的主力軍。按照“十(shi)三五”規(gui)劃(hua)，在中國(guo)建(jian)筑轉型升級的宏偉藍(lan)圖中，中國(guo)建(jian)筑基礎(chu)設施(shi)業務將站在歷史(shi)高點(dian)上(shang)再出發(fa)。 （國(guo)務院國(guo)資(zi)委(wei)網(wang)站 王鈺）