文(wen)章來源：人民日報 發布時間：2018-05-11
2015年9月17日
黨中央、國(guo)務(wu)院(yuan)在日前印發(fa)的《關于深化(hua)國(guo)有(you)(you)企業改(gai)革(ge)的指導意見》（以下簡稱《指導意見》）中明確指出，要(yao)(yao)完善國(guo)有(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)產管(guan)理(li)體(ti)(ti)制，以管(guan)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)推(tui)進國(guo)有(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)產監管(guan)機構(gou)職(zhi)能轉(zhuan)變，以管(guan)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)改(gai)革(ge)國(guo)有(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)授權經營體(ti)(ti)制，以管(guan)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)推(tui)動(dong)國(guo)有(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)合理(li)流動(dong)優(you)化(hua)配置，以管(guan)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)推(tui)進經營性(xing)國(guo)有(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)產集中統一監管(guan)。這對于推(tui)動(dong)國(guo)有(you)(you)企業真正成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)獨立市場主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)，增強國(guo)有(you)(you)經濟整體(ti)(ti)功(gong)能和效率，維護國(guo)有(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)產安(an)全，具有(you)(you)十分重要(yao)(yao)的意義。我們要(yao)(yao)深入學(xue)習領會和貫(guan)徹落(luo)實文(wen)件要(yao)(yao)求，扎(zha)實推(tui)進完善國(guo)有(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)產管(guan)理(li)體(ti)(ti)制、以管(guan)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)加強國(guo)有(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)產監管(guan)的各項工作，為(wei)(wei)發(fa)展壯大(da)國(guo)有(you)(you)經濟提供堅強保障(zhang)。
一、按照以(yi)管資本為主的要求(qiu)完善(shan)國(guo)有資產管理體制，推動國(guo)有企業(ye)真正成為獨立市(shi)場主體
改(gai)革開放(fang)以(yi)來，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)資(zi)產(chan)(chan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)體(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)改(gai)革始終與國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)企業(ye)(ye)改(gai)革相伴(ban)相生、共(gong)同(tong)深(shen)化(hua)(hua)。黨的(de)十(shi)六大在總結(jie)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)資(zi)產(chan)(chan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)體(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)實踐經驗的(de)基礎(chu)上(shang)，明確(que)提出(chu)(chu)：“建(jian)立中央(yang)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府和地方(fang)(fang)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府分別代(dai)表國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家履行(xing)(xing)出(chu)(chu)資(zi)人(ren)職(zhi)(zhi)責，享有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)所有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)者權(quan)(quan)益，權(quan)(quan)利、義(yi)務(wu)和責任相統一(yi)(yi)(yi)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)資(zi)產(chan)(chan)和管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)人(ren)、管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)事相結(jie)合的(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)資(zi)產(chan)(chan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)體(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”。2003年(nian)3月，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)務(wu)院(yuan)正式(shi)成立國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)資(zi)產(chan)(chan)監(jian)督管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)委員會(hui)，根據(ju)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)務(wu)院(yuan)的(de)授權(quan)(quan)，專門(men)承擔(dan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)資(zi)產(chan)(chan)監(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)職(zhi)(zhi)責，不(bu)承擔(dan)社會(hui)公共(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)職(zhi)(zhi)能。這一(yi)(yi)(yi)體(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，明確(que)了政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府以(yi)出(chu)(chu)資(zi)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)企業(ye)(ye)，在解決政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)企不(bu)分、國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)企業(ye)(ye)多(duo)頭(tou)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)、“九龍(long)治水”等方(fang)(fang)面(mian)邁出(chu)(chu)了一(yi)(yi)(yi)大步(bu)，為國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)企業(ye)(ye)成為獨立市場主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)奠定了體(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)基礎(chu)。但應當看到，在監(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)還(huan)存(cun)(cun)在一(yi)(yi)(yi)些問題，一(yi)(yi)(yi)定程度上(shang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)約(yue)了企業(ye)(ye)活(huo)力。比如政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)企分開、政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)資(zi)分開還(huan)不(bu)完全到位(wei)(wei)(wei)，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)資(zi)產(chan)(chan)監(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)工(gong)作還(huan)存(cun)(cun)在越位(wei)(wei)(wei)、缺位(wei)(wei)(wei)、錯位(wei)(wei)(wei)現(xian)象，監(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)存(cun)(cun)在一(yi)(yi)(yi)定行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)化(hua)(hua)色彩(cai)。同(tong)時(shi)，經過多(duo)年(nian)的(de)改(gai)革發(fa)展，公司制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)股(gu)份制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)已(yi)經成為國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)企業(ye)(ye)的(de)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)組織(zhi)形式(shi)，企業(ye)(ye)的(de)治理(li)(li)(li)結(jie)構(gou)、管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)都發(fa)生了深(shen)刻變(bian)化(hua)(hua)，這在客(ke)觀上(shang)要(yao)求國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)資(zi)監(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)構(gou)主(zhu)(zhu)動調整完善監(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)職(zhi)(zhi)能和方(fang)(fang)式(shi)，以(yi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)資(zi)本為主(zhu)(zhu)，注重通過公司法人(ren)治理(li)(li)(li)結(jie)構(gou)依法行(xing)(xing)使(shi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)股(gu)東權(quan)(quan)利，實現(xian)對(dui)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)資(zi)產(chan)(chan)的(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)效監(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。
貫徹落實(shi)《指導意見》要求，完善國(guo)有(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)產管理體制(zhi)，要以(yi)管資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)為(wei)主推(tui)(tui)進職能轉變，準確把握依法履行出資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)人職責的(de)定位，科學界定國(guo)有(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)產出資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)人監管的(de)邊界，實(shi)現(xian)以(yi)管企(qi)業為(wei)主向(xiang)以(yi)管資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)為(wei)主的(de)轉變，推(tui)(tui)動國(guo)有(you)(you)企(qi)業真正(zheng)成為(wei)獨立市場(chang)主體，夯實(shi)發展(zhan)壯大國(guo)有(you)(you)經濟的(de)微觀(guan)基(ji)礎。
一是堅持政(zheng)企分開、政(zheng)資(zi)(zi)分開、所有(you)(you)權(quan)和經營權(quan)分離(li)。政(zheng)府(fu)部(bu)門依(yi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)行使公共管(guan)(guan)理職能，從經濟調節和社(she)會(hui)管(guan)(guan)理角度進行社(she)會(hui)公共管(guan)(guan)理。國(guo)有(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)產(chan)監(jian)管(guan)(guan)機構(gou)作為政(zheng)府(fu)直屬特(te)設機構(gou)，根據(ju)授權(quan)代表本級人(ren)(ren)民政(zheng)府(fu)對監(jian)管(guan)(guan)企業(ye)依(yi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)履行出(chu)資(zi)(zi)人(ren)(ren)職責，科學界定國(guo)有(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)產(chan)出(chu)資(zi)(zi)人(ren)(ren)監(jian)管(guan)(guan)的邊界，專(zhuan)司(si)國(guo)有(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)產(chan)監(jian)管(guan)(guan)，不干預企業(ye)自(zi)(zi)主經營權(quan)。國(guo)有(you)(you)企業(ye)依(yi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)享有(you)(you)獨(du)立的法(fa)(fa)(fa)人(ren)(ren)財產(chan)權(quan)，依(yi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)自(zi)(zi)主經營、自(zi)(zi)負盈虧、自(zi)(zi)擔風險(xian)、自(zi)(zi)我約束、自(zi)(zi)我發展。
二(er)是推進國有(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)產監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)機構(gou)(gou)職能(neng)轉變。該管(guan)(guan)的要(yao)科學管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)、決不(bu)缺位(wei)，重點(dian)管(guan)(guan)好國有(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)本布局、規范資(zi)(zi)本運作、提高資(zi)(zi)本回(hui)報(bao)、維護(hu)資(zi)(zi)本安全。不(bu)該管(guan)(guan)的要(yao)依(yi)(yi)法(fa)放(fang)權、決不(bu)越位(wei)，將(jiang)依(yi)(yi)法(fa)應由企業(ye)自(zi)主經營(ying)決策的事項歸位(wei)于企業(ye)，將(jiang)延(yan)伸(shen)到子企業(ye)的管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)事項原則上(shang)歸位(wei)于一(yi)級企業(ye)，將(jiang)配合承(cheng)擔(dan)的公共管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)職能(neng)歸位(wei)于相關(guan)政府(fu)部門和單位(wei)。國有(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)產監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)機構(gou)(gou)依(yi)(yi)法(fa)對國有(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)本投資(zi)(zi)、運營(ying)公司和其他直接監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)的企業(ye)履行(xing)出(chu)資(zi)(zi)人職責。
三是改進(jin)國有(you)資(zi)產監管(guan)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)和(he)手(shou)段(duan)。更多運(yun)用法治化(hua)(hua)、市場化(hua)(hua)監管(guan)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)，改變行政化(hua)(hua)管(guan)理(li)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)。針對(dui)企業不同功能(neng)定位，在(zai)戰略規劃制定、資(zi)本運(yun)作(zuo)模式(shi)(shi)、人員選(xuan)用機制、經營業績考核等方(fang)(fang)面，實施(shi)更加精(jing)準有(you)效的(de)分(fen)類監管(guan)。重(zhong)視通(tong)過(guo)公(gong)(gong)司(si)治理(li)結構(gou)履(lv)行出(chu)資(zi)人職責，規范(fan)董事(shi)會運(yun)作(zuo)，嚴格選(xuan)派股東(dong)代表(biao)和(he)董事(shi)、監事(shi)。注重(zhong)管(guan)好公(gong)(gong)司(si)章(zhang)程(cheng)，通(tong)過(guo)“一企一策”制定公(gong)(gong)司(si)章(zhang)程(cheng)，將國有(you)資(zi)產出(chu)資(zi)人意(yi)志(zhi)有(you)效體現在(zai)公(gong)(gong)司(si)章(zhang)程(cheng)中。建(jian)立監管(guan)權力清(qing)單和(he)責任清(qing)單，加大(da)運(yun)用信息化(hua)(hua)手(shou)段(duan)的(de)力度，優(you)化(hua)(hua)監管(guan)流程(cheng)，提(ti)高監管(guan)效率，加強(qiang)監管(guan)工作(zuo)協同。
二、按照以管資本(ben)為主的要(yao)求優化(hua)國有資本(ben)布局結構，增強(qiang)國有經濟整體功能和效率(lv)
優化(hua)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)布(bu)局(ju)結構(gou)，是(shi)(shi)提升(sheng)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)經(jing)濟(ji)整(zheng)體(ti)運行質量的(de)(de)重要途徑，也是(shi)(shi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)揮(hui)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)經(jing)濟(ji)主導作(zuo)(zuo)用、放(fang)大(da)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)必然要求。隨著(zhu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)產(chan)管(guan)理體(ti)制改革(ge)逐步深化(hua)，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)日益發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)壯大(da)，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)運行效(xiao)率(lv)不(bu)斷提高(gao)(gao)，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)經(jing)濟(ji)布(bu)局(ju)和(he)結構(gou)調整(zheng)取得積極進展(zhan)(zhan)。國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)逐步向大(da)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)大(da)集團集中(zhong)(zhong)，向重要行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)關鍵領域集中(zhong)(zhong)，涌現出一(yi)批具有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)較強(qiang)(qiang)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際競(jing)爭(zheng)(zheng)力的(de)(de)骨干企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。2015年美國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)《財(cai)富(fu)》雜(za)志發(fa)(fa)(fa)布(bu)的(de)(de)世界(jie)500強(qiang)(qiang)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)名單(dan)中(zhong)(zhong)，我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)達到(dao)83家(jia)。但也應(ying)當看到(dao)，當前國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)運行效(xiao)率(lv)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)待進一(yi)步提高(gao)(gao)，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)布(bu)局(ju)結構(gou)仍然存在分布(bu)過(guo)寬、戰(zhan)線(xian)過(guo)長(chang)等突出問題(ti)，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)合理流動的(de)(de)機制尚不(bu)健全(quan)，制約了國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)作(zuo)(zuo)用的(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)發(fa)(fa)(fa)揮(hui)。當前，我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)進入新(xin)常(chang)態，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)過(guo)去(qu)主要憑(ping)借要素投入的(de)(de)快速增(zeng)長(chang)模(mo)式不(bu)可持續，憑(ping)借高(gao)(gao)強(qiang)(qiang)度大(da)規模(mo)投資(zi)(zi)拉動的(de)(de)模(mo)式不(bu)可持續，憑(ping)借低(di)水平競(jing)爭(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)粗(cu)放(fang)增(zeng)長(chang)模(mo)式不(bu)可持續，迫切需要通過(guo)優化(hua)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)布(bu)局(ju)結構(gou)，推(tui)進國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)轉型升(sheng)級，增(zeng)強(qiang)(qiang)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)經(jing)濟(ji)的(de)(de)活力、控制力、影響力、抗風險能(neng)(neng)力。按(an)照《指導意見》要求，堅持以市場為導向、以企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)為主體(ti)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)進有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)退、有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)所為有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)所不(bu)為，優化(hua)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)布(bu)局(ju)結構(gou)，為發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)壯大(da)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)經(jing)濟(ji)提供強(qiang)(qiang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)力支(zhi)撐。
一是明確國(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)資本集中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)重(zhong)(zhong)點方向(xiang)(xiang)。緊緊圍繞服務國(guo)(guo)家(jia)戰(zhan)略，落實(shi)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)政策(ce)和重(zhong)(zhong)點產(chan)業(ye)(ye)布局調整總體要求，優(you)化國(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)資本重(zhong)(zhong)點投資方向(xiang)(xiang)和領域，實(shi)現“三(san)個集中(zhong)(zhong)”，即推動國(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)資本向(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)系(xi)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)安全、國(guo)(guo)民經濟命脈和國(guo)(guo)計民生的(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要行業(ye)(ye)和關(guan)鍵領域、重(zhong)(zhong)點基(ji)礎設施集中(zhong)(zhong)，向(xiang)(xiang)前瞻(zhan)性戰(zhan)略性產(chan)業(ye)(ye)集中(zhong)(zhong)，向(xiang)(xiang)具有(you)(you)核心競爭(zheng)力的(de)優(you)勢企(qi)業(ye)(ye)集中(zhong)(zhong)。
二(er)是建(jian)立健全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)布局和(he)結構(gou)調整機(ji)制(zhi)。制(zhi)定(ding)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家發展規劃、產業(ye)政策和(he)國(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)收益分配管理(li)規則，建(jian)立健全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)進退機(ji)制(zhi)，引導國(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)優(you)化投資(zi)(zi)(zi)方向和(he)投資(zi)(zi)(zi)領域(yu)。推進經營(ying)性國(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)(zi)產集中統一監管，穩步將黨政機(ji)關、事業(ye)單位所屬企業(ye)的國(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)納入經營(ying)性國(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)(zi)產集中統一監管體系，為(wei)擴大國(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)配置范(fan)圍、提高配置效率(lv)創(chuang)造(zao)條(tiao)件。加強國(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)(zi)產基(ji)礎管理(li)，統一制(zhi)度(du)規范(fan)、統一工作體系，強化對國(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)布局結構(gou)調整的支撐(cheng)服務。
三是運(yun)用(yong)市場(chang)化方式推動國(guo)(guo)有資本合理流(liu)動優(you)化配(pei)置。充(chong)分發(fa)(fa)揮國(guo)(guo)有資本投資、運(yun)營公司的(de)(de)作用(yong)，清理退出一批、重組整合一批、創新發(fa)(fa)展一批國(guo)(guo)有企(qi)業(ye)(ye)。建立(li)健(jian)全優(you)勝劣汰(tai)市場(chang)化退出機制，切實保障退出企(qi)業(ye)(ye)依(yi)法實行關閉或破產(chan)(chan)，加(jia)快處置低效無效資產(chan)(chan)，淘汰(tai)落后產(chan)(chan)能。建立(li)健(jian)全國(guo)(guo)有資本形態轉換機制，支持企(qi)業(ye)(ye)依(yi)法合規通過證券交易、產(chan)(chan)權交易等資本市場(chang)，以(yi)(yi)市場(chang)公允(yun)價格處置企(qi)業(ye)(ye)資產(chan)(chan)，將(jiang)變現(xian)的(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)有資本用(yong)于更需要的(de)(de)領(ling)域(yu)和行業(ye)(ye)。支持國(guo)(guo)有企(qi)業(ye)(ye)開展國(guo)(guo)際化經營，鼓勵(li)國(guo)(guo)有企(qi)業(ye)(ye)之間(jian)以(yi)(yi)及與其(qi)他所有制企(qi)業(ye)(ye)以(yi)(yi)資本為紐(niu)帶，強強聯合、優(you)勢互補(bu)，加(jia)快培育一批具有世界一流(liu)水(shui)平的(de)(de)跨國(guo)(guo)公司。
三(san)、按照以管資本為主的要求加強國有資產監督，切實維護(hu)國有資產安全
國(guo)(guo)有(you)資(zi)(zi)產(chan)來之(zhi)不(bu)易，是(shi)全國(guo)(guo)人(ren)民(min)的(de)(de)共(gong)同(tong)(tong)財富，是(shi)全面建成小康社(she)會、實現全體人(ren)民(min)共(gong)同(tong)(tong)富裕(yu)的(de)(de)重(zhong)要物(wu)質基礎。國(guo)(guo)有(you)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)改革(ge)要先加(jia)強(qiang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)、防止國(guo)(guo)有(you)資(zi)(zi)產(chan)流失，這(zhe)一條(tiao)做不(bu)好，國(guo)(guo)有(you)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)其他改革(ge)難以(yi)取得預期(qi)成效。近(jin)年來，國(guo)(guo)有(you)資(zi)(zi)產(chan)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)工(gong)作(zuo)得到了有(you)力加(jia)強(qiang)，但針對(dui)性(xing)(xing)、實效性(xing)(xing)還(huan)需(xu)要進一步增(zeng)強(qiang)，既存在監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)不(bu)到位(wei)、監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)不(bu)力等問(wen)(wen)題(ti)，也(ye)(ye)存在多頭檢查、重(zhong)復監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)等問(wen)(wen)題(ti)，一些(xie)國(guo)(guo)有(you)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)也(ye)(ye)暴露出(chu)(chu)管(guan)(guan)理不(bu)規范、內部(bu)人(ren)控制嚴重(zhong)、企(qi)業(ye)(ye)領導人(ren)員權力缺乏制約(yue)等問(wen)(wen)題(ti)。要按(an)照(zhao)《指(zhi)導意見》部(bu)署，按(an)照(zhao)以(yi)管(guan)(guan)資(zi)(zi)本為主的(de)(de)要求加(jia)強(qiang)國(guo)(guo)有(you)資(zi)(zi)產(chan)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)工(gong)作(zuo)，沿國(guo)(guo)有(you)資(zi)(zi)本投資(zi)(zi)運營和管(guan)(guan)理的(de)(de)全鏈條(tiao)，突出(chu)(chu)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)工(gong)作(zuo)重(zhong)點，發揮企(qi)業(ye)(ye)內部(bu)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)、出(chu)(chu)資(zi)(zi)人(ren)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)和各監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)主體的(de)(de)功能作(zuo)用，加(jia)快形成全面覆蓋、分工(gong)明(ming)確、協同(tong)(tong)配合、制約(yue)有(you)力的(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)有(you)資(zi)(zi)產(chan)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)體系，切實防止國(guo)(guo)有(you)資(zi)(zi)產(chan)流失，保障(zhang)和促進國(guo)(guo)有(you)經濟(ji)健康發展。
一(yi)是強(qiang)化企業內部(bu)監(jian)督(du)。進一(yi)步(bu)明確企業作(zuo)為維護國(guo)有資產(chan)安全、防(fang)止流(liu)失的(de)責任主體(ti)。完善企業內部(bu)監(jian)督(du)體(ti)系，建立橫向涵蓋企業各(ge)治理主體(ti)和(he)(he)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能部(bu)門、縱向包括(kuo)各(ge)子企業和(he)(he)業務板塊的(de)監(jian)督(du)工作(zuo)體(ti)系，形成監(jian)督(du)合力(li)。突出監(jian)督(du)重點，對權(quan)(quan)力(li)集(ji)(ji)中(zhong)、資金密集(ji)(ji)、資源富集(ji)(ji)、資產(chan)聚(ju)集(ji)(ji)的(de)部(bu)門和(he)(he)崗(gang)位加(jia)強(qiang)監(jian)督(du)，實行分(fen)(fen)事(shi)行權(quan)(quan)、分(fen)(fen)崗(gang)設權(quan)(quan)、分(fen)(fen)級授權(quan)(quan)，定(ding)期輪崗(gang)，防(fang)止權(quan)(quan)力(li)濫(lan)用(yong)。進一(yi)步(bu)落實董(dong)事(shi)會(hui)、監(jian)事(shi)會(hui)的(de)監(jian)督(du)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)責，加(jia)強(qiang)法律審核(he)把關(guan)，實現依(yi)法治企。加(jia)強(qiang)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工民主監(jian)督(du)，健全企業民主管理制度，充(chong)分(fen)(fen)保(bao)障職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工群眾對企業改革(ge)發展的(de)知情權(quan)(quan)、參與權(quan)(quan)和(he)(he)監(jian)督(du)權(quan)(quan)。
二是完善(shan)出資(zi)人監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)。堅持出資(zi)人管(guan)(guan)理和監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)的(de)有(you)機(ji)統一(yi)，進一(yi)步加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)出資(zi)人監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)。健全(quan)國(guo)有(you)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)規劃投資(zi)、改(gai)制(zhi)(zhi)重組、產權管(guan)(guan)理、財(cai)務評價、業(ye)(ye)績(ji)考核、選人用人、薪(xin)酬(chou)分配等規范國(guo)有(you)資(zi)本運作(zuo)(zuo)、防止流失的(de)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)，加(jia)大對國(guo)有(you)資(zi)產監(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)執行情況(kuang)的(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)力度(du)(du)(du)。開展(zhan)國(guo)有(you)資(zi)產監(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)構向(xiang)所出資(zi)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)依(yi)法(fa)委派(pai)總會計師試點工作(zuo)(zuo)，強(qiang)(qiang)化出資(zi)人對企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)重大財(cai)務事(shi)項(xiang)的(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)。加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)境外(wai)國(guo)有(you)資(zi)產監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)，確保企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)境外(wai)國(guo)有(you)資(zi)產安全(quan)可控、有(you)效運營。加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)和改(gai)進外(wai)派(pai)監(jian)(jian)(jian)事(shi)會監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)，明確職責定(ding)位，發(fa)揮監(jian)(jian)(jian)事(shi)會作(zuo)(zuo)為出資(zi)人監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)專門力量的(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用，加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)當期(qi)和事(shi)中(zhong)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)，強(qiang)(qiang)化監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)成果運用，建立健全(quan)核查、移(yi)交和整改(gai)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)。
三是(shi)加(jia)強(qiang)與(yu)各監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)力量的(de)協同配合(he)。大力支(zhi)持審(shen)計(ji)、紀檢(jian)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)察和巡視等(deng)(deng)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)機(ji)(ji)構開(kai)展工作(zuo)。進(jin)一(yi)步厘清政(zheng)府部門公(gong)共審(shen)計(ji)、出(chu)資人(ren)審(shen)計(ji)和企(qi)業內部審(shen)計(ji)之(zhi)間的(de)職責(ze)分(fen)工，健(jian)全國有(you)(you)資本審(shen)計(ji)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)體(ti)系和制(zhi)度。加(jia)強(qiang)紀檢(jian)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)察監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)和巡視工作(zuo)，強(qiang)化對(dui)企(qi)業領導人(ren)員廉潔從業、行使權力等(deng)(deng)的(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)，加(jia)大大案(an)要案(an)查處力度。積極(ji)配合(he)建立外部監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)協同機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)，整合(he)出(chu)資人(ren)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管、外派監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)事(shi)會監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)與(yu)審(shen)計(ji)、紀檢(jian)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)察、巡視等(deng)(deng)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)力量，建立監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)工作(zuo)會商機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)，加(jia)強(qiang)統籌，減少(shao)重復檢(jian)查，提高監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)效(xiao)能。加(jia)強(qiang)社會監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)，完善國有(you)(you)資產和國有(you)(you)企(qi)業信(xin)(xin)息(xi)公(gong)開(kai)制(zhi)度，設(she)立統一(yi)的(de)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)網絡平臺，充(chong)分(fen)發揮輿論監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)作(zuo)用，有(you)(you)效(xiao)保(bao)障社會公(gong)眾對(dui)企(qi)業國有(you)(you)資產運營(ying)的(de)知情權和監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)權。
四是嚴格(ge)責任(ren)追(zhui)(zhui)究。加大(da)對國(guo)(guo)有(you)企業(ye)(ye)違規經營(ying)責任(ren)追(zhui)(zhui)究力度(du)，建立健全(quan)國(guo)(guo)有(you)企業(ye)(ye)重(zhong)大(da)決策失(shi)職、瀆職責任(ren)追(zhui)(zhui)究和(he)(he)倒查機制，完(wan)善重(zhong)大(da)決策評估、決策事項履職記錄、決策過錯認定(ding)標準等配套制度(du)，嚴厲查處侵吞、貪污、輸送、揮霍國(guo)(guo)有(you)資產和(he)(he)逃廢金融債務的(de)行為。建立健全(quan)企業(ye)(ye)國(guo)(guo)有(you)資產的(de)監(jian)督(du)(du)問責機制，對企業(ye)(ye)重(zhong)大(da)違法違紀問題敷衍不追(zhui)(zhui)、隱匿不報、查處不力的(de)，嚴格(ge)追(zhui)(zhui)究有(you)關人員失(shi)職瀆職責任(ren)，確保監(jian)督(du)(du)責任(ren)落到(dao)實處，形(xing)成監(jian)督(du)(du)工作閉(bi)環，充(chong)分體現監(jian)督(du)(du)工作的(de)嚴肅性和(he)(he)權(quan)威(wei)性。
以管資(zi)本(ben)為主(zhu)加強國(guo)(guo)有資(zi)產(chan)監管是深(shen)(shen)化國(guo)(guo)有企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)改(gai)革(ge)的一項重大任務(wu)。我(wo)們(men)要(yao)認真貫(guan)徹(che)落實黨的十(shi)八(ba)大和十(shi)八(ba)屆三中(zhong)、四(si)中(zhong)全會(hui)精神，深(shen)(shen)入學習貫(guan)徹(che)習近平總書記(ji)系(xi)列重要(yao)講話精神，自覺踐(jian)行“三嚴三實”要(yao)求，堅決(jue)貫(guan)徹(che)黨中(zhong)央、國(guo)(guo)務(wu)院關于(yu)深(shen)(shen)化國(guo)(guo)有企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)改(gai)革(ge)的重大決(jue)策部署，加快落實以管資(zi)本(ben)為主(zhu)加強國(guo)(guo)有資(zi)產(chan)監管，為做強做優做大國(guo)(guo)有企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)、發展(zhan)壯大國(guo)(guo)有經濟提供堅強保障。
