文章(zhang)來源(yuan)：人民網 發布時(shi)間：2021-09-04
近(jin)日，世界(jie)首個柔(rou)(rou)性直(zhi)流電網(wang)工程(cheng)(cheng)——張(zhang)北可再生(sheng)能(neng)源柔(rou)(rou)性直(zhi)流電網(wang)試驗示(shi)范工程(cheng)(cheng)（簡稱“張(zhang)北柔(rou)(rou)直(zhi)工程(cheng)(cheng)”）竣工投(tou)產，張(zhang)家口地區(qu)的新能(neng)源成功接(jie)入北京(jing)電網(wang)，送至2022年北京(jing)冬(dong)奧場館(guan)。
張北(bei)柔直工程(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)投(tou)資125億(yi)元，新建(jian)張北(bei)、康保、豐寧和北(bei)京4座換流站，額(e)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)壓±500千伏，額(e)定(ding)輸電(dian)(dian)能力450萬千瓦，輸電(dian)(dian)線路長度(du)666千米(mi)，是國(guo)網冀北(bei)電(dian)(dian)力服(fu)務綠色(se)冬奧的“涉奧六大工程(cheng)(cheng)”之一(yi)。工程(cheng)(cheng)于(yu)2017年(nian)12月(yue)獲(huo)得國(guo)家(jia)發改委核準(zhun)，2018年(nian)2月(yue)開(kai)工建(jian)設。在國(guo)網冀北(bei)電(dian)(dian)力建(jian)設者800多個日(ri)日(ri)夜夜的艱苦奮戰下，6月(yue)正式投(tou)運。
張北柔(rou)直工(gong)(gong)程采用(yong)我國(guo)原創(chuang)(chuang)、領先世界的(de)柔(rou)性直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網新(xin)技術(shu)，創(chuang)(chuang)造了12項世界第(di)一，是破解新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)大規模開發利用(yong)世界級難題的(de)“中(zhong)國(guo)方案”。以柔(rou)性直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網為中(zhong)心，通(tong)過多點(dian)匯集、多能(neng)互(hu)補(bu)、時空(kong)互(hu)補(bu)、源(yuan)網荷(he)協(xie)同，可(ke)以實現(xian)新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)側自由波動發電(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)負荷(he)側可(ke)控(kong)穩定供電(dian)(dian)(dian)。作為集大規模可(ke)再生能(neng)源(yuan)的(de)友(you)好接入、多種(zhong)形態能(neng)源(yuan)互(hu)補(bu)和(he)靈(ling)活消納(na)、直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網構建等為一體的(de)重(zhong)大科技試驗示范項目，張北柔(rou)直工(gong)(gong)程不(bu)僅具備重(zhong)大創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)引領和(he)示范意義(yi)，對于(yu)推動能(neng)源(yuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)與綠色(se)發展、服務綠色(se)辦奧、引領科技創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)、推動電(dian)(dian)(dian)工(gong)(gong)裝備制造業轉(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)升級等具有顯著的(de)綜合效益和(he)戰略意義(yi)。
服務綠色辦奧理念，為北京冬奧提供100%綠色電力。北(bei)(bei)京(jing)(jing)冬(dong)奧會(hui)(hui)是城市能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)轉(zhuan)型升(sheng)級的(de)重要契(qi)機。張北(bei)(bei)柔直工程(cheng)聚焦“綠(lv)色辦奧”，打(da)造(zao)清(qing)(qing)潔(jie)(jie)低碳(tan)奧運(yun)專區(qu)，將張北(bei)(bei)新能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)基地、豐(feng)寧儲能(neng)電源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)與北(bei)(bei)京(jing)(jing)負荷中心可(ke)靠(kao)互(hu)聯(lian)，大幅提升(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)給(gei)的(de)清(qing)(qing)潔(jie)(jie)比(bi)重，為冬(dong)奧會(hui)(hui)提供(gong)充裕的(de)綠(lv)色能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)保障。工程(cheng)投產(chan)后(hou)，每年(nian)可(ke)輸送約(yue)140億(yi)千瓦時清(qing)(qing)潔(jie)(jie)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，全面滿足北(bei)(bei)京(jing)(jing)地區(qu)以及張家(jia)口(kou)地區(qu)的(de)26個冬(dong)奧會(hui)(hui)場(chang)(chang)館(guan)總計1億(yi)千瓦時的(de)年(nian)用(yong)電量需求(qiu)，助力(li)北(bei)(bei)京(jing)(jing)冬(dong)奧場(chang)(chang)館(guan)實現奧運(yun)史上(shang)首次實現100%清(qing)(qing)潔(jie)(jie)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)電，每年(nian)節(jie)約(yue)標準煤490萬噸(dun)，減排二(er)氧化碳(tan)1280萬噸(dun)。
推動新能源開發外送，促進送端地區資源優勢轉化為發展優勢。張家口地(di)區風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、太(tai)陽(yang)能發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)資源十(shi)分豐富，距離北京負荷中心僅200-350千(qian)(qian)米，開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)條件十(shi)分優(you)越，可(ke)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)規模(mo)高達(da)8500萬千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)，是(shi)國家規劃的大(da)型(xing)可(ke)再生能源基地(di)，預計2020年(nian)底可(ke)再生能源發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)機規模(mo)將超(chao)過千(qian)(qian)萬千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)。張北柔直工(gong)程配套(tao)建設630萬千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、光伏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，拉(la)動當地(di)風、光發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)投(tou)資達(da)到600億元，投(tou)資拉(la)動效益明(ming)顯(xian)。工(gong)程投(tou)運(yun)后，將顯(xian)著提升張家口地(di)區新能源外送能力，有效促進當地(di)扶(fu)貧(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站消(xiao)納(na)新能源，預計惠及1110座光伏扶(fu)貧(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站和104896戶貧(pin)困戶，總容量達(da)133.9萬千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)。
引領電網創新發展，有力推動電網輸電技術和電工裝備升級。張(zhang)(zhang)北柔(rou)(rou)直(zhi)(zhi)工程是世界首個(ge)具有網絡特性的直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)網工程，核心技(ji)術和(he)關鍵設(she)備(bei)均為國際(ji)首創，實現(xian)了3大突破(po)：突破(po)柔(rou)(rou)性直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)網構建難題，提(ti)出了柔(rou)(rou)直(zhi)(zhi)組網、多點匯集、多能(neng)互補的直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)網拓撲和(he)系統(tong)方案，成功(gong)研制混合(he)式(shi)、負(fu)壓耦合(he)式(shi)和(he)機(ji)械式(shi)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)斷路器；突破(po)柔(rou)(rou)性直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)容量(liang)提(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)難題，將(jiang)±500千伏(fu)柔(rou)(rou)性直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)的輸電(dian)容量(liang)提(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)至常規(gui)(gui)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)水平(ping)，單換流(liu)器額(e)定容量(liang)提(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)到150萬千瓦；突破(po)柔(rou)(rou)性直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)可靠性提(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)難題，將(jiang)柔(rou)(rou)性直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)的可靠性提(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)至常規(gui)(gui)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)水平(ping)。張(zhang)(zhang)北柔(rou)(rou)直(zhi)(zhi)工程的創新(xin)實踐，將(jiang)提(ti)高我國電(dian)工裝(zhuang)備(bei)制造業(ye)自主(zhu)創新(xin)能(neng)力和(he)國際(ji)競爭力。
張北柔直工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)途經張家口北部、承德西部等(deng)(deng)高海拔地(di)(di)區，70%的(de)(de)(de)(de)線(xian)路地(di)(di)處(chu)丘陵(ling)和山地(di)(di)，高寒、大風等(deng)(deng)惡劣天氣較(jiao)多(duo)(duo)，年有(you)效施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)期僅為4-5個月。國網(wang)冀北電力(li)實施(shi)(shi)(shi)“五(wu)大創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)”，確保施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質量。一(yi)是創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)應(ying)用(yong)科(ke)技(ji)(ji)手段。以科(ke)技(ji)(ji)輔助輸電線(xian)路工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)現(xian)場管理，并使用(yong)執法記(ji)錄儀(yi)，全(quan)程(cheng)記(ji)錄基礎(chu)澆制(zhi)過程(cheng)。二是創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)文明施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)。按照“一(yi)基一(yi)策劃”對(dui)(dui)每個施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作業面(mian)進(jin)行動態管理。三是創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)防火(huo)墻施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)。借(jie)鑒橋(qiao)梁工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)中應(ying)用(yong)較(jiao)多(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)盤扣式(shi)腳手架，實現(xian)了(le)盤扣式(shi)腳手架在變電施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)首(shou)次應(ying)用(yong)。四(si)是創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)混凝(ning)土防腐工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)。針對(dui)(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)所處(chu)區域土壤、地(di)(di)下水中含有(you)大量硫酸根、氯離子，對(dui)(dui)鋼筋混凝(ning)土結構(gou)產生(sheng)凍(dong)融、腐蝕多(duo)(duo)重破壞作用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況，綜合制(zhi)定工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)混凝(ning)土的(de)(de)(de)(de)綜合防腐措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)。五(wu)是創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)換(huan)流閥(fa)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)。針對(dui)(dui)柔直工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)換(huan)流閥(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)殊(shu)結構(gou)，創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)采用(yong)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)、新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)方法，提高換(huan)流閥(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)安裝效率。
據了解，“十三五”以來(lai)，冀北電(dian)(dian)網新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源裝機年均(jun)增長率達到19%。截至2020年6月底，冀北電(dian)(dian)網新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源裝機規模(mo)已超(chao)2100萬(wan)千瓦，占統(tong)調裝機容量的59.3%，占比(bi)位(wei)居國網系統(tong)第一。肩負北京70%以上送電(dian)(dian)任務的冀北電(dian)(dian)網，以風能(neng)(neng)(neng)、太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)為代表的新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源比(bi)重已超(chao)過傳統(tong)電(dian)(dian)源，成為全(quan)網的主(zhu)力電(dian)(dian)源。（祝龍超(chao)）
【責任編輯：語謙】
