文章來源：考(kao)核(he)分配局 發布時間：2020-01-16
近(jin)日，國務院(yuan)國資(zi)(zi)委發布(bu)了《中央企業工資(zi)(zi)總額管理辦(ban)法》（國資(zi)(zi)委令(ling)第39號，以下(xia)簡(jian)稱《辦(ban)法》）。《辦(ban)法》出臺(tai)后(hou)，國務院(yuan)國資(zi)(zi)委有關(guan)負(fu)責同志(zhi)接(jie)受了記者采訪。
問(wen)：請介紹《辦法》的起草背景。
答：中央(yang)(yang)企業(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)總(zong)額(e)管(guan)理是(shi)調節國家、企業(ye)、職(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)三者利益關系的重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)方(fang)式，也是(shi)國資(zi)(zi)委依法履行出資(zi)(zi)人職(zhi)責的重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)手段，一直(zhi)以(yi)來，在推動中央(yang)(yang)企業(ye)改革發展、確保(bao)國有資(zi)(zi)產保(bao)值(zhi)增值(zhi)方(fang)面(mian)發揮了(le)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)作用(yong)，同時(shi)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)總(zong)額(e)管(guan)理又是(shi)關乎民生福祉(zhi)的重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)內容，涉(she)及中央(yang)(yang)企業(ye)廣大干部職(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的切身利益，歷來受到各方(fang)面(mian)的高度關注。
國(guo)(guo)(guo)資(zi)(zi)委(wei)成立以(yi)(yi)來，對完善工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)額(e)管(guan)理(li)制(zhi)(zhi)度做了(le)(le)大(da)量積極有(you)效探索，總(zong)(zong)體(ti)(ti)上分為三個(ge)階段(duan)(duan)。第(di)一(yi)階段(duan)(duan)為承(cheng)接起(qi)步(bu)期，從2003年(nian)至(zhi)2007年(nian)，國(guo)(guo)(guo)資(zi)(zi)委(wei)在(zai)(zai)(zai)依法(fa)承(cheng)接原勞動保障部門對中(zhong)央(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)監管(guan)職(zhi)(zhi)能的基礎(chu)上，從出資(zi)(zi)人(ren)的角度，持續對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)效掛鉤管(guan)理(li)辦法(fa)進行改革(ge)(ge)(ge)和(he)(he)完善，初步(bu)構建(jian)(jian)了(le)(le)出資(zi)(zi)人(ren)對企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)的工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)額(e)調控體(ti)(ti)系(xi)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)促進企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)經濟效益高速增(zeng)長的同時(shi)，保障了(le)(le)職(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)較快提(ti)(ti)高。第(di)二階段(duan)(duan)是改革(ge)(ge)(ge)突破(po)期，重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點是探索和(he)(he)建(jian)(jian)立工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)額(e)預(yu)算管(guan)理(li)的體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)。2008年(nian)國(guo)(guo)(guo)資(zi)(zi)委(wei)在(zai)(zai)(zai)部分重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點行業(ye)(ye)啟動了(le)(le)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)額(e)預(yu)算試點，著手(shou)建(jian)(jian)立工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)額(e)預(yu)算管(guan)理(li)制(zhi)(zhi)度體(ti)(ti)系(xi)，2010年(nian)、2012年(nian)先后印發(fa)(fa)(fa)了(le)(le)《中(zhong)央(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)額(e)預(yu)算管(guan)理(li)暫行辦法(fa)》和(he)(he)《中(zhong)央(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)額(e)預(yu)算管(guan)理(li)暫行辦法(fa)實(shi)施細則(ze)》，2014年(nian)實(shi)現了(le)(le)中(zhong)央(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)額(e)預(yu)算管(guan)理(li)全覆蓋。這個(ge)時(shi)期的改革(ge)(ge)(ge)突破(po)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)中(zhong)央(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)構建(jian)(jian)起(qi)了(le)(le)既符合現代企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)制(zhi)(zhi)度，又與中(zhong)央(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)實(shi)際相結合的工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)額(e)預(yu)算管(guan)理(li)制(zhi)(zhi)度體(ti)(ti)系(xi)，也為全國(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)全面實(shi)行工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)額(e)預(yu)算管(guan)理(li)提(ti)(ti)供了(le)(le)可(ke)復制(zhi)(zhi)、可(ke)推廣的經驗和(he)(he)改革(ge)(ge)(ge)藍本。2014年(nian)以(yi)(yi)后，在(zai)(zai)(zai)深化(hua)國(guo)(guo)(guo)企(qi)(qi)改革(ge)(ge)(ge)的大(da)背景下，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)額(e)管(guan)理(li)進入第(di)三階段(duan)(duan)，即(ji)持續深化(hua)期，重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點以(yi)(yi)分類(lei)管(guan)理(li)為手(shou)段(duan)(duan)，制(zhi)(zhi)定了(le)(le)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)額(e)預(yu)算備案制(zhi)(zhi)周期制(zhi)(zhi)管(guan)理(li)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)額(e)特別獎勵(li)等一(yi)系(xi)列政策措施，進一(yi)步(bu)增(zeng)強了(le)(le)職(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)收入分配調控的針對性和(he)(he)有(you)效性，在(zai)(zai)(zai)經濟發(fa)(fa)(fa)展新常態下，發(fa)(fa)(fa)揮了(le)(le)助力中(zhong)央(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)穩增(zeng)長、激發(fa)(fa)(fa)和(he)(he)調動企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)干部職(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)積極性的重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要作用(yong)。
黨(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)十九大站(zhan)在(zai)新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史起(qi)點(dian)上，明(ming)確(que)我國(guo)(guo)(guo)經濟已經由(you)高(gao)速增長階(jie)段轉向(xiang)高(gao)質量(liang)(liang)發(fa)展階(jie)段，作(zuo)出(chu)了(le)貫徹新發(fa)展理念(nian)、實現高(gao)質量(liang)(liang)發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)部(bu)(bu)署(shu)，提出(chu)了(le)培育(yu)具有全(quan)球(qiu)競爭(zheng)力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)世界一流企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)目(mu)標。按照黨(dang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)、國(guo)(guo)(guo)務院(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)決策(ce)部(bu)(bu)署(shu)，以及《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang) 國(guo)(guo)(guo)務院(yuan)關于深(shen)(shen)化(hua)國(guo)(guo)(guo)有企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)改(gai)革(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)導意(yi)(yi)見》（中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)發(fa)〔2015〕22號，以下(xia)(xia)簡(jian)稱中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)發(fa)22號文件）提出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“建(jian)立健全(quan)與(yu)(yu)勞動力市場(chang)基本(ben)適應、與(yu)(yu)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)經濟效益和(he)勞動生產率掛(gua)鉤(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)資決定和(he)正常增長機(ji)制(zhi)”，即“一適應、兩掛(gua)鉤(gou)(gou)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總要求，人力資源社會(hui)(hui)保障部(bu)(bu)、財政(zheng)部(bu)(bu)、國(guo)(guo)(guo)資委(wei)共同研究起(qi)草《關于改(gai)革(ge)國(guo)(guo)(guo)有企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)工(gong)資決定機(ji)制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)(yi)見》（以下(xia)(xia)簡(jian)稱《意(yi)(yi)見》），2018年5月，《意(yi)(yi)見》經由(you)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)全(quan)面深(shen)(shen)化(hua)改(gai)革(ge)委(wei)員會(hui)(hui)第一次會(hui)(hui)議(yi)審議(yi)通過，國(guo)(guo)(guo)務院(yuan)正式印發(fa)。國(guo)(guo)(guo)資委(wei)作(zuo)為共同牽頭單(dan)位，在(zai)積極參與(yu)(yu)《意(yi)(yi)見》制(zhi)定工(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同時，根據《意(yi)(yi)見》精神，結(jie)合中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)改(gai)革(ge)發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實際情況(kuang)，對中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)工(gong)資總額管(guan)理制(zhi)度(du)體系進行全(quan)面修訂完善，同步制(zhi)定了(le)《辦法》。
作為《意(yi)見》在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)央企業落(luo)地落(luo)實(shi)的配套文(wen)件制度，在(zai)近兩(liang)年的起草(cao)制定過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)，國資(zi)委(wei)(wei)廣泛征求(qiu)了各有關部門、地方國資(zi)委(wei)(wei)以及全部中(zhong)(zhong)央企業意(yi)見，期間數易其稿，最終由(you)國務院國資(zi)委(wei)(wei)黨委(wei)(wei)會(hui)和主任辦公(gong)會(hui)審議通(tong)過(guo)，以國務院國資(zi)委(wei)(wei)令的形式(shi)正式(shi)公(gong)布。
問：制定《辦法》的主要目的和意義(yi)是什(shen)么。
答：《辦法》是(shi)國(guo)資(zi)(zi)委(wei)首次(ci)以委(wei)令形式公開發(fa)布的(de)中(zhong)央(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)工資(zi)(zi)總額(e)管(guan)理(li)制度文件，充分體現了國(guo)資(zi)(zi)委(wei)對這項(xiang)工作(zuo)的(de)高度重視。制定《辦法》的(de)根本目的(de)，是(shi)貫徹落實習近平新時代中(zhong)國(guo)特色社會主(zhu)義(yi)思(si)想(xiang)，增(zeng)強(qiang)中(zhong)央(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)活(huo)力(li)和競爭力(li)，促進中(zhong)央(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)實現高質量發(fa)展。
中(zhong)央企業(ye)工資總(zong)額管理，既要與國有企業(ye)工資決定(ding)機制改革的(de)總(zong)體方向保持一(yi)致，又要充分體現中(zhong)央企業(ye)自身的(de)經(jing)營發展特點(dian)。此次出臺的(de)《辦法(fa)(fa)》，緊扣《意見(jian)》的(de)精神實質，切實做到了將出資人依法(fa)(fa)調(diao)控(kong)和企業(ye)自主分配有機結合。
一(yi)是(shi)明確提出按中(zhong)央企業功能定位對(dui)工資(zi)總額(e)實(shi)行分類管(guan)理。此次改(gai)革的重要(yao)創新(xin)點之一(yi)就是(shi)分類管(guan)理，將工資(zi)總額(e)預算(suan)備案制管(guan)理的實(shi)施范圍(wei)，擴(kuo)大到全部主業處于充分競爭行業和領域(yu)的商業類中(zhong)央企業，由企業董事(shi)會(hui)依法(fa)依規(gui)自主決定年度工資(zi)總額(e)預算(suan)，國資(zi)委由事(shi)前(qian)核準轉(zhuan)變(bian)為事(shi)前(qian)引導、事(shi)中(zhong)監測和事(shi)后(hou)監督。
二是明確提(ti)出了對(dui)中央企(qi)業(ye)工(gong)資總額實(shi)行(xing)分級管(guan)理。國資委(wei)負(fu)責(ze)(ze)管(guan)制度、管(guan)總量、管(guan)監督，中央企(qi)業(ye)負(fu)責(ze)(ze)管(guan)內部自主(zhu)分配、管(guan)預算(suan)分解落(luo)實(shi)、管(guan)具體(ti)操作(zuo)執行(xing)，國資委(wei)與中央企(qi)業(ye)權責(ze)(ze)清晰、各司(si)其職。
三是進(jin)一步(bu)完善中央企(qi)業(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)總(zong)額(e)與經濟效益掛鉤(gou)(gou)決定(ding)(ding)機(ji)制(zhi)。《辦法(fa)(fa)(fa)》圍繞(rao)建立(li)健(jian)全“一適(shi)應、兩掛鉤(gou)(gou)”工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)決定(ding)(ding)機(ji)制(zhi)的(de)目標要求，進(jin)行(xing)了(le)(le)一系列重大創新(xin)。如明(ming)確了(le)(le)中央企(qi)業(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)總(zong)額(e)根(gen)(gen)據(ju)效益決定(ding)(ding)，并按(an)照效率(lv)調整，進(jin)一步(bu)豐富(fu)了(le)(le)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)與效益掛鉤(gou)(gou)的(de)內涵，全面(mian)樹(shu)立(li)“工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)是掙出(chu)來”的(de)核心理念。再(zai)比如《辦法(fa)(fa)(fa)》進(jin)一步(bu)簡化了(le)(le)出(chu)資(zi)(zi)人根(gen)(gen)據(ju)國家要求調控企(qi)業(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)水平的(de)規定(ding)(ding)，突出(chu)了(le)(le)出(chu)資(zi)(zi)人以管(guan)資(zi)(zi)本為主(zhu)加強(qiang)監管(guan)、簡政放權的(de)管(guan)理導向，釋放了(le)(le)積極(ji)的(de)改革信號。同時(shi)，《辦法(fa)(fa)(fa)》還明(ming)確了(le)(le)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)同口徑增人不(bu)增工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)總(zong)額(e)、減(jian)人不(bu)減(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)總(zong)額(e)的(de)有關規定(ding)(ding)，鼓(gu)勵中央企(qi)業(ye)(ye)提高用(yong)人效率(lv)。
四是進(jin)一步強調(diao)(diao)深(shen)化(hua)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)內部分(fen)(fen)配制度(du)改(gai)革(ge)。《辦(ban)法》在宏觀層面完善國家、企(qi)(qi)業(ye)和職工三者(zhe)工資分(fen)(fen)配關系的(de)同(tong)時，強調(diao)(diao)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)作為內部分(fen)(fen)配的(de)責任主體(ti)，應當持續深(shen)化(hua)內部三項(xiang)制度(du)改(gai)革(ge)，構建形成企(qi)(qi)業(ye)內部管理人員能(neng)(neng)上能(neng)(neng)下、員工能(neng)(neng)進(jin)能(neng)(neng)出、收(shou)入能(neng)(neng)增能(neng)(neng)減的(de)市場(chang)化(hua)勞(lao)動用工和收(shou)入分(fen)(fen)配管理機制，切實承擔起搞好、搞活企(qi)(qi)業(ye)內部分(fen)(fen)配的(de)職責。
五是進一步(bu)強調工(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)總(zong)額(e)(e)管理(li)的(de)監(jian)督(du)檢查，明確界定(ding)(ding)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)違規責任(ren)。如明確對(dui)于(yu)實(shi)施(shi)備案制管理(li)的(de)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)，出(chu)現嚴重違反國家和國資(zi)(zi)(zi)委關于(yu)收入分配有關規定(ding)(ding)的(de)，將其工(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)總(zong)額(e)(e)預(yu)算管理(li)方(fang)式由備案制調整為(wei)核準制，確保做到權(quan)責對(dui)等。同時(shi)，《辦(ban)法(fa)》明確將企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)工(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)總(zong)額(e)(e)管理(li)情況納入各(ge)項監(jian)督(du)檢查范圍，與審計、巡視(shi)等工(gong)作形(xing)成合力，切實(shi)保證(zheng)監(jian)管到位。
總的(de)來說，《辦法》較好地體(ti)現(xian)了(le)中(zhong)(zhong)發22號文(wen)件的(de)改(gai)革(ge)要(yao)求(qiu)，體(ti)現(xian)了(le)黨的(de)十九大(da)提出的(de)堅持質量第一(yi)、效益優先的(de)發展理念(nian)，符(fu)合此前國有(you)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)改(gai)革(ge)座談會(hui)提出強(qiang)(qiang)化正向激勵的(de)有(you)關精神，符(fu)合中(zhong)(zhong)央關于簡政放權、“放管(guan)服”的(de)改(gai)革(ge)要(yao)求(qiu)，對促(cu)進中(zhong)(zhong)央企(qi)(qi)業(ye)實(shi)現(xian)高質量發展、推(tui)動國有(you)資(zi)本做(zuo)強(qiang)(qiang)做(zuo)優做(zuo)大(da)，加快培育具(ju)有(you)全球競(jing)爭力(li)的(de)世界一(yi)流企(qi)(qi)業(ye)具(ju)有(you)重要(yao)意(yi)義(yi)。
問：根據(ju)新的《辦法(fa)》，中央企業職工工資總額具體如何決定？
答：《辦法(fa)》緊緊圍繞建立(li)健全(quan)“一適(shi)應(ying)(ying)、兩掛(gua)鉤(gou)”工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)決定(ding)(ding)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求，提(ti)出(chu)中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)總(zong)額(e)預(yu)算(suan)主要(yao)(yao)按照(zhao)效(xiao)(xiao)益決定(ding)(ding)、效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)調(diao)整(zheng)、水(shui)(shui)平(ping)調(diao)控(kong)三個環節決定(ding)(ding)。一是工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)總(zong)額(e)增(zeng)長主要(yao)(yao)與(yu)(yu)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)濟效(xiao)(xiao)益增(zeng)幅(fu)掛(gua)鉤(gou)聯動(dong)。《辦法(fa)》明(ming)確(que)中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)總(zong)額(e)預(yu)算(suan)與(yu)(yu)利潤總(zong)額(e)等(deng)(deng)經(jing)濟效(xiao)(xiao)益指(zhi)標的(de)(de)(de)(de)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)績考(kao)核目(mu)標值(zhi)掛(gua)鉤(gou)，并且根據目(mu)標值(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)先進程度(du)確(que)定(ding)(ding)不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)預(yu)算(suan)水(shui)(shui)平(ping)，引導中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)通過(guo)完成高質(zhi)量發展目(mu)標帶動(dong)職(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)總(zong)額(e)合理(li)(li)有(you)(you)序增(zeng)長。二是工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)總(zong)額(e)增(zeng)幅(fu)應(ying)(ying)當根據效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)水(shui)(shui)平(ping)進行適(shi)度(du)調(diao)整(zheng)。《辦法(fa)》提(ti)出(chu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)增(zeng)長還應(ying)(ying)當通過(guo)人工(gong)(gong)(gong)成本投入產出(chu)效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)、勞(lao)動(dong)生產率(lv)等(deng)(deng)指(zhi)標對(dui)標進行調(diao)整(zheng)，突出(chu)引導企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)提(ti)高效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)管理(li)(li)導向，進一步協調(diao)不同效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)分配關系，提(ti)高企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)總(zong)額(e)決定(ding)(ding)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)科學性與(yu)(yu)有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)性。三是注(zhu)重收入分配公(gong)平(ping)，國(guo)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)委(wei)按照(zhao)國(guo)家有(you)(you)關部門發布的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)指(zhi)導線和對(dui)非競(jing)爭類國(guo)有(you)(you)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)調(diao)控(kong)要(yao)(yao)求，對(dui)部分工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)水(shui)(shui)平(ping)偏高、過(guo)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)與(yu)(yu)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，尤(you)其是主業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)不屬于充分競(jing)爭行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和領域(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)增(zeng)長過(guo)快的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況進行適(shi)當約束，確(que)保企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)職(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)平(ping)與(yu)(yu)增(zeng)長幅(fu)度(du)更(geng)加(jia)公(gong)平(ping)合理(li)(li)、規范有(you)(you)序。同時(shi)，對(dui)中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)承擔重大(da)專項(xiang)任務(wu)、重大(da)科技(ji)創新項(xiang)目(mu)等(deng)(deng)特殊事項(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，也明(ming)確(que)要(yao)(yao)予以適(shi)度(du)支持。
問：分(fen)類(lei)管理(li)是(shi)當前深化國(guo)有企(qi)業改(gai)革(ge)的重要手段，《辦(ban)法》針(zhen)對不同功能定位的中央企(qi)業采(cai)取(qu)了哪些(xie)差(cha)異化的工資總額(e)監管措施。
答(da)：《辦法》提出(chu)按照功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)定(ding)(ding)位(wei)對(dui)(dui)(dui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)工(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)(zong)額(e)實(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)分類管理(li)(li)。一是(shi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)不同(tong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)定(ding)(ding)位(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)采取差(cha)(cha)(cha)異化(hua)(hua)的(de)管理(li)(li)方(fang)式。對(dui)(dui)(dui)主(zhu)(zhu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)處(chu)(chu)于(yu)充分競(jing)爭行(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)(he)領域(yu)的(de)商(shang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)類中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)工(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)(zong)額(e)預(yu)(yu)算原則上全(quan)(quan)部實(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)備案制(zhi)(zhi)管理(li)(li)，由企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)董事會在(zai)依法依規的(de)前提下，自(zi)主(zhu)(zhu)決定(ding)(ding)年(nian)度(du)工(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)(zong)額(e)預(yu)(yu)算，國(guo)(guo)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)委(wei)由事前核準(zhun)轉(zhuan)變為事前引(yin)導、事中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)監(jian)測和(he)(he)(he)事后監(jian)督；對(dui)(dui)(dui)主(zhu)(zhu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)處(chu)(chu)于(yu)關(guan)(guan)系國(guo)(guo)家安全(quan)(quan)、國(guo)(guo)民經濟命(ming)脈的(de)重要行(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)(he)關(guan)(guan)鍵領域(yu)、主(zhu)(zhu)要承(cheng)擔(dan)重大(da)專項任(ren)務(wu)的(de)商(shang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)類中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)(he)以提供公共產品和(he)(he)(he)服務(wu)為主(zhu)(zhu)的(de)公益(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)類中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，工(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)(zong)額(e)預(yu)(yu)算繼(ji)續(xu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)核準(zhun)制(zhi)(zhi)管理(li)(li)。二是(shi)與國(guo)(guo)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)改革試(shi)點工(gong)作(zuo)全(quan)(quan)面對(dui)(dui)(dui)接。對(dui)(dui)(dui)開展(zhan)國(guo)(guo)有資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)本投資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、運營公司(si)或者混合所有制(zhi)(zhi)改革等(deng)試(shi)點的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，提出(chu)可以探(tan)索實(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)更(geng)加靈活高效(xiao)的(de)工(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)(zong)額(e)管理(li)(li)方(fang)式。三是(shi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)不同(tong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)定(ding)(ding)位(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)實(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)差(cha)(cha)(cha)異化(hua)(hua)的(de)決定(ding)(ding)機制(zhi)(zhi)。《辦法》規定(ding)(ding)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)可以根據功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)定(ding)(ding)位(wei)，在(zai)工(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)(zong)額(e)與經濟效(xiao)益(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)匹(pi)配的(de)大(da)原則下，選取差(cha)(cha)(cha)異化(hua)(hua)的(de)經濟效(xiao)益(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)指標與工(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)增長(chang)掛鉤(gou)，尤其是(shi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)主(zhu)(zhu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)處(chu)(chu)于(yu)關(guan)(guan)系國(guo)(guo)家安全(quan)(quan)、國(guo)(guo)民經濟命(ming)脈的(de)重要行(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)(he)關(guan)(guan)鍵領域(yu)、主(zhu)(zhu)要承(cheng)擔(dan)重大(da)專項任(ren)務(wu)的(de)商(shang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)類中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)(he)公益(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)類中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，可以探(tan)索結構化(hua)(hua)管理(li)(li)方(fang)式，允(yun)許企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)在(zai)工(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)(zong)額(e)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)自(zi)主(zhu)(zhu)確定(ding)(ding)一定(ding)(ding)比例的(de)保障性工(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)(zong)額(e)，與企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)所承(cheng)擔(dan)特(te)殊任(ren)務(wu)和(he)(he)(he)公益(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)性業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)完成情(qing)況掛鉤(gou)，促進中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)實(shi)(shi)(shi)現社會效(xiao)益(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)和(he)(he)(he)經濟效(xiao)益(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)有機統(tong)一，更(geng)好發(fa)(fa)揮各類中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)在(zai)經濟社會發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)作(zuo)用，更(geng)好地契合了當前分類推進國(guo)(guo)有企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)改革發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)總(zong)(zong)(zong)體方(fang)向(xiang)。
問：請介紹國資委(wei)下一步的工(gong)作安排。
答：《辦(ban)法(fa)(fa)》于2019年(nian)在中(zhong)央企(qi)業(ye)全(quan)(quan)面施行，此次對(dui)中(zhong)央企(qi)業(ye)工資(zi)總額決定機(ji)制(zhi)和管理(li)制(zhi)度體系進行全(quan)(quan)面改(gai)革(ge)，事關中(zhong)央企(qi)業(ye)改(gai)革(ge)發展，事關廣(guang)大企(qi)業(ye)職工切身(shen)利益，事關收入分配和諧有(you)序，涉及(ji)面廣(guang)、政策性(xing)強(qiang)、影響力大。國資(zi)委將(jiang)在今后一個時期，采(cai)取積極措施，統籌推進工作(zuo)，確保《辦(ban)法(fa)(fa)》全(quan)(quan)面貫徹(che)落(luo)實。
一是國資委將按照《辦法》，全(quan)面部署2019年中央企(qi)業工(gong)資總額預(yu)算管理相關工(gong)作。
二是加快(kuai)相關配(pei)套文件的正式出臺。包(bao)括《辦法》中工資(zi)決(jue)定機制(zhi)(zhi)的具體(ti)實(shi)施規程、備案制(zhi)(zhi)管理實(shi)施方案、周期制(zhi)(zhi)管理實(shi)施方案以及工資(zi)管理特(te)殊事項清單等，將盡快(kuai)研究出臺完整的工資(zi)管理政策(ce)體(ti)系，以利企業執行。
三是(shi)加大(da)政(zheng)策(ce)宣貫和(he)培訓(xun)力度。國(guo)資委將組織系列(lie)面向中央(yang)企業的政(zheng)策(ce)培訓(xun)，通過政(zheng)策(ce)宣講、專家解讀、專題培訓(xun)等多(duo)種形式，確(que)保各(ge)中央(yang)企業準確(que)把握(wo)《辦法》精神(shen)實質(zhi)，并(bing)推(tui)動中央(yang)企業制定和(he)完善本企業的工資總額管理制度體(ti)系。
四是(shi)協同(tong)推(tui)進工資分(fen)配相(xiang)關配套改(gai)(gai)革(ge)。2019年(nian)，國資委將進一步深入(ru)(ru)推(tui)進中央企(qi)(qi)業(ye)內部三項制(zhi)度改(gai)(gai)革(ge)工作(zuo)，加快推(tui)進企(qi)(qi)業(ye)建立健(jian)全市(shi)場化勞動用工和(he)(he)收入(ru)(ru)分(fen)配管理(li)機制(zhi)，持續增強企(qi)(qi)業(ye)活(huo)力與(yu)競爭力。同(tong)時(shi)，在(zai)加大出資人授權(quan)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)的同(tong)時(shi)，加強對中央企(qi)(qi)業(ye)工資分(fen)配合規性(xing)的監督檢查(cha)，強化事(shi)中監測和(he)(he)事(shi)后監督，確保權(quan)力放得下(xia)、接得住。
【責任編輯：李瑛】