免费菠萝视频app下载

三峽水電站開閘放水壯觀場景

四川錦屏一級水電站高三百零五米，創世界拱壩高度紀錄

埃塞俄比亞吉布Ⅲ水電站由中方承建，有“非洲三峽工程”美譽

三峽工程遠景

中方參與建設的馬來西亞巴貢水電站（本文圖片來自百度）

對于我們中華民族而言，大自(zi)然(ran)仿佛顯得格(ge)外眷顧，靈巧(qiao)的(de)(de)造化(hua)之(zhi)手在這塊(kuai)錦繡大地上“勾勒(le)”出萬千(qian)(qian)河流，有黃河、長江(jiang)、瀾滄江(jiang)，有淮河、黑(hei)龍江(jiang)、雅魯藏布江(jiang)……數千(qian)(qian)年來，它們朝著大海，永不停息地奔流，不僅為我們孕育了萬里沃野，構建了民族特有的(de)(de)文(wen)化(hua)心理，培養了共有的(de)(de)民族情感(gan)，而且賦予了我們驚人的(de)(de)能量。

在漫長的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)古代社會，這驚人的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)量常常幻化為雄奇絢(xuan)麗(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)詩篇和(he)畫作(zuo)等藝(yi)術(shu)形式，豐富著中國人的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精神世界(jie)，卻極少得到現(xian)實的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開發利用。進入近現(xian)代社會，隨著水(shui)(shui)利水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進步(bu)，特(te)別是改革開放(fang)40年來，我們(men)在對(dui)現(xian)代水(shui)(shui)利水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)科(ke)技(ji)(ji)學習(xi)基(ji)礎上進行大膽(dan)創新(xin)，造就了(le)一批舉世矚目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，成(cheng)為世界(jie)公認的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)強國。不僅(jin)如(ru)此，我們(men)還把掌握的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)和(he)積(ji)累的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)經驗與世界(jie)各國特(te)別是廣大發展中國家(jia)分享(xiang)，讓那里的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民眾獲(huo)得低廉(lian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)，點亮生(sheng)活和(he)夢想。

總裝機容量全球第一  開發利用空間廣闊

據統計，到1978年(nian)(nian)底(di)，中(zhong)(zhong)國水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)裝機容量(liang)達到1867萬(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)，年(nian)(nian)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)496億(yi)千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)時。這是(shi)改革開放啟(qi)動之(zhi)時，中(zhong)(zhong)國的水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)家底(di)。鑒于(yu)新中(zhong)(zhong)國成立初，水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的薄弱基礎和十(shi)年(nian)(nian)“文(wen)革”的巨(ju)大(da)破壞，攢到這樣的家底(di)無(wu)疑是(shi)非(fei)常難能可貴的。作為中(zhong)(zhong)國第一座自行設計、自制(zhi)設備、自己施(shi)工建(jian)造的大(da)型水(shui)(shui)力(li)(li)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)，新安江水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)國水(shui)(shui)利電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)事業(ye)史上的一座豐碑，它始(shi)建(jian)于(yu)1957年(nian)(nian)，歷時3年(nian)(nian)即建(jian)成投產，年(nian)(nian)均發電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)達19.6億(yi)千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)時。“黃河明珠”劉家峽水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)于(yu)1975年(nian)(nian)建(jian)成，總(zong)裝機容量(liang)122.5萬(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)，這是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)國首(shou)座百萬(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)級水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)。

改革(ge)開放后，中(zhong)國水電(dian)(dian)建(jian)設(she)步伐明(ming)顯(xian)加快。上世紀80年代，廣蓄、巖灘、漫灣、隔河巖、水口(kou)等水電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)“五朵金花”相繼建(jian)成；上世紀90年代，五強溪、李家峽、天(tian)(tian)荒坪抽水蓄能電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)開工建(jian)設(she)；到2000年底，隨著萬家寨、二灘、小(xiao)浪底、天(tian)(tian)生橋、大(da)朝山等一(yi)大(da)批水電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)相繼建(jian)成投產(chan)，中(zhong)國水電(dian)(dian)裝機容量達(da)7700萬千瓦，居(ju)世界第二。

2004年，以公伯(bo)峽水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)1號(hao)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)投(tou)產為(wei)(wei)標志，中國(guo)水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)裝機(ji)(ji)(ji)容量(liang)突破1億(yi)(yi)千(qian)瓦，居(ju)世界第一(yi)。2010年，以小灣水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)4號(hao)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)為(wei)(wei)標志，中國(guo)水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)裝機(ji)(ji)(ji)容量(liang)突破2億(yi)(yi)千(qian)瓦。2012年，三(san)峽水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)最后一(yi)臺機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)投(tou)產，成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)世界最大的(de)水(shui)(shui)力發電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)和(he)清潔能源生產基地。此后，溪洛(luo)渡、向(xiang)家壩、錦屏等(deng)一(yi)系列巨型水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)相繼開(kai)工建設，中國(guo)在世界水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)領(ling)域保持(chi)領(ling)先(xian)的(de)地位。2017年，中國(guo)水(shui)(shui)力發電(dian)(dian)裝機(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)(wei)3.41億(yi)(yi)千(qian)瓦，發電(dian)(dian)量(liang)1.1945萬億(yi)(yi)千(qian)瓦時(shi)，分別占到全(quan)球水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)總裝機(ji)(ji)(ji)容量(liang)、發電(dian)(dian)量(liang)的(de)26.9%和(he)28.5%。

根據最新統(tong)計，中(zhong)國水(shui)能(neng)資源可開發(fa)(fa)裝機(ji)容量(liang)約6.6億千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)，年發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)約3萬億千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)時，按利用100年計算(suan)，相(xiang)當于1000億噸標煤。中(zhong)國水(shui)電(dian)(dian)開發(fa)(fa)程度為37% （按發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)計算(suan)），與發(fa)(fa)達國家水(shui)電(dian)(dian)開發(fa)(fa)程度動輒達到70%、80%甚至超過(guo)90%相(xiang)比(bi)，仍有較(jiao)大差距(ju)，還有較(jiao)廣闊的發(fa)(fa)展前(qian)景。根據《水(shui)電(dian)(dian)發(fa)(fa)展“十三五”規劃》（2016-2020年），2020年，中(zhong)國水(shui)電(dian)(dian)總裝機(ji)容量(liang)達到3.8億千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)，年發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)1.25萬億千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)時。預計2025年，中(zhong)國水(shui)電(dian)(dian)裝機(ji)容量(liang)達到4.7億千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)，年發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)1.4萬億千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)時。

造就海外“三峽工程”  助力當地夢想成真

中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)資(zi)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)特(te)(te)點和(he)難點決(jue)定了水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開發(fa)面(mian)臨問題(ti)的(de)(de)(de)獨特(te)(te)性和(he)挑(tiao)戰性，也造就了中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)科技(ji)的(de)(de)(de)雄(xiong)厚實(shi)力，創造了一系列引以為傲的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)工(gong)程建(jian)設(she)的(de)(de)(de)世(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)紀錄：2008年全面(mian)投產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)布埡水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)，其擁(yong)(yong)有(you)世(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)最高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)混(hun)凝土面(mian)板堆(dui)石壩(ba)；2009年全面(mian)投產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)龍灘水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)，其擁(yong)(yong)有(you)世(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)最高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)碾(nian)壓混(hun)凝土壩(ba)；2010年全面(mian)投產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)灣水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)，其擁(yong)(yong)有(you)當時(shi)世(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)最高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)混(hun)凝土拱壩(ba)；2014年全面(mian)投產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)糯扎渡水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)，其是(shi)目(mu)前亞洲第(di)(di)一、世(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)第(di)(di)三(san)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)黏土心墻(qiang)堆(dui)石壩(ba)。它們是(shi)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)走向(xiang)世(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)，贏得(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)尊重和(he)信賴的(de)(de)(de)最扎實(shi)的(de)(de)(de)品牌(pai)工(gong)程。全世(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)80多個國(guo)(guo)(guo)家紛紛引進(jin)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技(ji)術和(he)建(jian)設(she)能力，與中(zhong)方建(jian)立了水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)規劃、建(jian)設(she)和(he)投資(zi)的(de)(de)(de)長期合作(zuo)關系。

2018年(nian)1月是(shi)(shi)老(lao)撾水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)發展(zhan)史上值得銘記(ji)的(de)月份。就在1月22日中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)建(jian)(jian)承(cheng)建(jian)(jian)的(de)老(lao)撾南湃水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站竣工(gong)投產僅(jin)3天(tian)后，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)重型機(ji)(ji)械(xie)有限(xian)公司承(cheng)建(jian)(jian)的(de)川壙省(sheng)南俄4水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站順利開(kai)工(gong)，這不(bu)僅(jin)給老(lao)撾能源結(jie)構(gou)帶來(lai)深刻變革(ge)，而且將大(da)大(da)推動其實(shi)現(xian)打造(zao)“東南亞(ya)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)”，成為(wei)(wei)區域能源中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心的(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)發展(zhan)目標。約半個(ge)月之后，遠在非洲(zhou)喀(ka)麥隆，由(you)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)企(qi)承(cheng)建(jian)(jian)的(de)曼維萊(lai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站主體部分通過(guo)驗(yan)收。3月10日，由(you)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力建(jian)(jian)設集(ji)團有限(xian)公司參(can)建(jian)(jian)的(de)巴基斯坦德爾貝(bei)拉水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站項目四期舉行首臺(tai)機(ji)(ji)組投產發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)儀式，標志著該國(guo)(guo)(guo)總裝機(ji)(ji)容量和(he)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量最大(da)的(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)項目進一步“擴容”。兩個(ge)月后，在南美巴西(xi)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力投資集(ji)團有限(xian)公司正式接管了該國(guo)(guo)(guo)第九大(da)水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站圣西(xi)芒(mang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站，開(kai)始為(wei)(wei)其提(ti)供為(wei)(wei)期30年(nian)的(de)運(yun)行維護服務。這就是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)“走出去”的(de)節奏：時間(jian)上以天(tian)計(ji)算、空間(jian)上縱(zong)橫幾大(da)洲(zhou)。

在(zai)中(zhong)國水(shui)電(dian)(dian)“走出去”的(de)(de)(de)(de)故(gu)事中(zhong)，助力埃(ai)塞俄比亞從“非(fei)(fei)洲(zhou)(zhou)水(shui)塔(ta)(ta)”華麗轉身“非(fei)(fei)洲(zhou)(zhou)電(dian)(dian)塔(ta)(ta)”無疑是其(qi)中(zhong)最動(dong)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)章節(jie)之(zhi)一。2011年，電(dian)(dian)力短缺的(de)(de)(de)(de)埃(ai)塞啟動(dong)了吉布(bu)Ⅲ水(shui)電(dian)(dian)站建設，這是非(fei)(fei)洲(zhou)(zhou)最大的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)電(dian)(dian)站項目，有“非(fei)(fei)洲(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)三峽(xia)工(gong)程(cheng)”之(zhi)稱。其(qi)總(zong)裝機(ji)容量達(da)(da)187萬(wan)千(qian)瓦，幾(ji)乎與此前該(gai)國全國電(dian)(dian)力總(zong)裝機(ji)容量持平。作為該(gai)工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)承建方(fang)，中(zhong)國公(gong)司歷(li)時(shi)5年奮戰，不僅(jin)(jin)實(shi)現(xian)了項目完工(gong)，而(er)且全部機(ji)組投入運營(ying)。再加上早在(zai)2009年由(you)中(zhong)方(fang)承建的(de)(de)(de)(de)泰克澤(ze)水(shui)電(dian)(dian)站的(de)(de)(de)(de)裝機(ji)容量，埃(ai)塞不僅(jin)(jin)達(da)(da)到了電(dian)(dian)力自給(gei)，而(er)且還實(shi)現(xian)了電(dian)(dian)力出口。

在(zai)馬來西亞也有一座“三(san)(san)峽工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)”，它就是巴(ba)貢(gong)水(shui)(shui)電站。這座位于沙(sha)撈越州的巴(ba)雷河上的水(shui)(shui)電站總裝機(ji)容量(liang)240萬(wan)千瓦(wa)，其壩(ba)高達(da)205米，水(shui)(shui)庫庫容超過長(chang)江三(san)(san)峽工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)，達(da)438億立方米。2002年，中(zhong)國水(shui)(shui)電與當地公司組成的馬中(zhong)水(shui)(shui)電聯營體中(zhong)標(biao)該(gai)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)，并于次年開(kai)工(gong)(gong)建設。2010年底，工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建成移交。2013年，該(gai)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)榮(rong)獲第(di)三(san)(san)屆堆石(shi)壩(ba)國際里程(cheng)(cheng)碑工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)獎，成為世界大型水(shui)(shui)利工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的典范之作。

壩工技術挺進世界一流  施工創新成就奇跡

經過實(shi)踐(jian)淬煉(lian)的(de)中(zhong)國水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)技(ji)術挺進到世(shi)(shi)(shi)界一(yi)流，特別是(shi)在核心(xin)的(de)壩(ba)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術和水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電設備研制領(ling)域，形成了(le)(le)規劃(hua)、設計、施工(gong)(gong)(gong)、裝(zhuang)備制造、運行(xing)維護等全(quan)產業鏈(lian)高水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping)整合能力。據中(zhong)國工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)院(yuan)院(yuan)士(shi)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電施工(gong)(gong)(gong)專家馬洪琪介紹，伴隨(sui)著(zhu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電建設的(de)發展，中(zhong)國的(de)壩(ba)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術也(ye)得到了(le)(le)飛速發展，取得了(le)(le)一(yi)批具(ju)有世(shi)(shi)(shi)界級水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping)的(de)技(ji)術創新成果(guo)。比如，舉世(shi)(shi)(shi)聞名的(de)三峽大(da)壩(ba)。長江三峽工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)大(da)壩(ba)全(quan)長 2309.5米，最(zui)大(da)壩(ba)高 181米，裝(zhuang)機容量2240萬千瓦，是(shi)目(mu)前世(shi)(shi)(shi)界上最(zui)大(da)的(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利樞紐工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)，其建設是(shi)中(zhong)國壩(ba)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術達到世(shi)(shi)(shi)界領(ling)先水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping)的(de)一(yi)個標志(zhi)。

馬洪(hong)琪(qi)介紹說，三(san)(san)峽(xia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)大(da)(da)壩混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)體積(ji)高達1600萬立(li)方(fang)米(mi)，如(ru)何實(shi)現大(da)(da)壩混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)又好又快澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)筑(zhu)，是施工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術研究的(de)重點和(he)難(nan)點。當時，工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)團隊(dui)在(zai)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術方(fang)面(mian)(mian)進行(xing)了(le)4項創新(xin)：一(yi)是以(yi)塔(ta)帶(dai)機連(lian)續(xu)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)筑(zhu)混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)為(wei)主(zhu)的(de)綜合(he)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術。從(cong)傳統的(de)吊罐澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)筑(zhu)改變為(wei)混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)一(yi)條龍(long)連(lian)續(xu)生產(chan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝。該(gai)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)筑(zhu)系(xi)(xi)統由各混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)拌和(he)樓通過(guo)皮帶(dai)機將混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)輸送到(dao)塔(ta)帶(dai)機直接入(ru)倉澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)筑(zhu)，集水(shui)(shui)(shui)平和(he)垂直運輸于一(yi)體。二是計(ji)算機監控系(xi)(xi)統。突破傳統的(de)經驗判斷模式，研發(fa)了(le)混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)生產(chan)運輸澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)筑(zhu)計(ji)算機綜合(he)監控系(xi)(xi)統，實(shi)現了(le)混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)全(quan)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)實(shi)時監控、動(dong)態調(diao)整和(he)優化(hua)調(diao)度。三(san)(san)峽(xia)大(da)(da)壩1999 年至2001年連(lian)續(xu)3年澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)筑(zhu)量在(zai)400 萬立(li)方(fang)米(mi)以(yi)上，創造了(le)混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)年澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)筑(zhu)強度世(shi)界最高紀錄(lu)。三(san)(san)是二次(ci)風冷骨(gu)(gu)料技(ji)(ji)術。三(san)(san)峽(xia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)低(di)溫(wen)(wen)混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)生產(chan)系(xi)(xi)統是世(shi)界上規模最大(da)(da)、溫(wen)(wen)控要求最嚴的(de)混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)生產(chan)系(xi)(xi)統。要求夏季生產(chan)出機口溫(wen)(wen)度為(wei)7℃的(de)低(di)溫(wen)(wen)混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)，為(wei)此，首次(ci)采用(yong)(yong)了(le)二次(ci)風冷骨(gu)(gu)料技(ji)(ji)術。四是混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)綜合(he)溫(wen)(wen)控防裂技(ji)(ji)術。采用(yong)(yong)了(le)從(cong)選(xuan)擇優質(zhi)原材料、優化(hua)混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)配合(he)比、控制混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)出機口和(he)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)筑(zhu)溫(wen)(wen)度、通水(shui)(shui)(shui)冷卻(que)、表面(mian)(mian)保溫(wen)(wen)和(he)流(liu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)養護等一(yi)整套溫(wen)(wen)控措(cuo)(cuo)施。針對已澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)筑(zhu)壩段監測的(de)溫(wen)(wen)度情況(kuang)，實(shi)行(xing)個性化(hua)通水(shui)(shui)(shui)冷卻(que)措(cuo)(cuo)施。正是這(zhe)些技(ji)(ji)術創新(xin)，使三(san)(san)峽(xia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)獲得國(guo)際(ji)咨詢(xun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)師聯合(he)會百年工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項目獎等榮(rong)譽。2017年7月，中國(guo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)院院士(shi)、三(san)(san)峽(xia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)設計(ji)總負責人(ren)鄭守仁榮(rong)獲國(guo)際(ji)大(da)(da)壩委(wei)員會終身成就獎。

2016年(nian)9月26日，金沙江上的溪洛渡水電(dian)(dian)站摘得(de)“菲(fei)迪(di)克2016年(nian)工(gong)程(cheng)項目杰出獎”，該獎有國際(ji)工(gong)程(cheng)咨詢領(ling)域“諾貝爾(er)獎”之稱。在(zai)馬洪琪看來，溪洛渡水電(dian)(dian)站獲獎在(zai)很大程(cheng)度上在(zai)于其在(zai)建(jian)造過(guo)程(cheng)中研發(fa)應用的數(shu)字大壩技(ji)術和智能溫控技(ji)術。

溪洛(luo)渡“數(shu)字(zi)大(da)(da)壩”系(xi)統集信息(xi)、網絡、可視(shi)化(hua)技(ji)術(shu)于一體，首(shou)次在壩工(gong)(gong)界實現(xian)了大(da)(da)壩工(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)全過程的(de)數(shu)字(zi)化(hua)和(he)信息(xi)化(hua)管理。“數(shu)字(zi)大(da)(da)壩”重在預測、預警(jing)(jing)，分為施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)監(jian)測系(xi)統和(he)仿真(zhen)分析系(xi)統兩大(da)(da)部分。施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)監(jian)測系(xi)統重點是對設計(ji)、進(jin)(jin)(jin)度、質量(liang)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)監(jian)測等(deng)信息(xi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)收(shou)集和(he)展示(shi)，對混(hun)(hun)凝土澆(jiao)筑(zhu)計(ji)劃、原材(cai)料檢測、混(hun)(hun)凝土生產(chan)、運輸、澆(jiao)筑(zhu)和(he)溫度控(kong)(kong)制等(deng)數(shu)據(ju)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)全面收(shou)集，覆蓋大(da)(da)壩施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)全過程。仿真(zhen)分析系(xi)統主要(yao)是結合監(jian)測數(shu)據(ju)，對大(da)(da)壩溫控(kong)(kong)、應力(li)、開裂(lie)風險(xian)、安全、澆(jiao)筑(zhu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)度等(deng)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)分析，提(ti)出(chu)預警(jing)(jing)和(he)預控(kong)(kong)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)。溪洛(luo)渡“數(shu)字(zi)大(da)(da)壩”系(xi)統采用(yong)信息(xi)化(hua)技(ji)術(shu)，讓施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)各(ge)個環節的(de)管理真(zhen)正做到(dao)了精細化(hua)、個性化(hua)，管理水平上升了一個臺階，使(shi)得(de)大(da)(da)壩施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)質量(liang)實現(xian)了實時、在線(xian)、全過程的(de)管理和(he)控(kong)(kong)制。

基(ji)于(yu)“數字(zi)大(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)”系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)智(zhi)能溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)控(kong)(kong)(kong)實踐，溪洛渡拱壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)研(yan)發(fa)了基(ji)于(yu)“數字(zi)大(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)”系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)智(zhi)能溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)控(kong)(kong)(kong)技術。為控(kong)(kong)(kong)制最高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度、降(jiang)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)速(su)率(lv)和(he)(he)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度變幅(fu)，在混凝土內(nei)埋設(she)數字(zi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度計(ji)，全面及時地監測混凝土內(nei)部溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度；建立(li)和(he)(he)實施了大(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)智(zhi)能通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)水冷(leng)卻溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)控(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)，可穩(wen)定跟蹤(zong)、無線(xian)(xian)采集(ji)混凝土溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)控(kong)(kong)(kong)數據和(he)(he)冷(leng)卻水管通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)水情況(kuang)；取(qu)得實際(ji)澆(jiao)筑條件(jian)下的(de)(de)(de)混凝土理論溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)升曲線(xian)(xian)，導入“數字(zi)大(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)”系(xi)統(tong)(tong)后與(yu)實測溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)升曲線(xian)(xian)對比，為控(kong)(kong)(kong)制溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)升過(guo)程和(he)(he)最高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度創造(zao)條件(jian)。對溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度異常情況(kuang)進行預警，通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)軟件(jian)和(he)(he)電磁閥自動控(kong)(kong)(kong)制通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)水流量和(he)(he)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)水溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度，從而達到最高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度、降(jiang)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)速(su)率(lv)、溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度變幅(fu)不(bu)超標的(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)控(kong)(kong)(kong)要(yao)求。（記者(zhe) 張保淑(shu)）

【責任編輯：語謙】