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盡管入圍(wei)門檻提高至237.2億美元，但在最新出(chu)爐(lu)的(de)2015年《財富》世(shi)界(jie)500強(qiang)排行榜(bang)中(zhong)(zhong)，中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)上(shang)(shang)榜(bang)企業(ye)繼續(xu)保持強(qiang)勁增(zeng)長態(tai)勢(shi)，比上(shang)(shang)年度增(zeng)加6家，達(da)到(dao)106家，上(shang)(shang)榜(bang)企業(ye)數量穩(wen)居世(shi)界(jie)第二。中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)企業(ye)上(shang)(shang)榜(bang)數量不斷(duan)增(zeng)加，與(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)經濟在全球經濟中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)地(di)位與(yu)作用更(geng)加相稱。隨著中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)經濟持續(xu)健康(kang)發展，將有越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)多(duo)的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)企業(ye)站(zhan)上(shang)(shang)世(shi)界(jie)舞(wu)臺。

在最新的《財富》世界500強排行榜上，中(zhong)國上榜公司數量繼續(xu)增(zeng)長，今年(nian)達(da)到(dao)106家(jia)。在全球(qiu)經濟復蘇乏力(li)，各(ge)(ge)國企業(ye)盈利(li)水平(ping)普遍降低之(zhi)際，中(zhong)國企業(ye)整體盈利(li)能(neng)(neng)力(li)相對上升(sheng)(sheng)，特(te)別是(shi)銀(yin)行、能(neng)(neng)源與通信企業(ye)。從行業(ye)分布看，中(zhong)國企業(ye)在全球(qiu)各(ge)(ge)個領域的競爭能(neng)(neng)力(li)也(ye)在穩步提(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)。

據悉，《財富(fu)》世界500強排(pai)(pai)行榜(bang)今(jin)年(nian)的入(ru)圍(wei)門(men)檻提高至(zhi)237.2億(yi)美(mei)元(yuan)；總收入(ru)達31.2萬(wan)億(yi)美(mei)元(yuan)，比上(shang)年(nian)增(zeng)長(chang)了(le)(le)0.49%；但總利(li)潤比去年(nian)減少了(le)(le)14.76%，為1.67萬(wan)億(yi)美(mei)元(yuan)。今(jin)年(nian)排(pai)(pai)名前三(san)的公司依次為：沃爾瑪、中石化(hua)、殼牌(pai)石油。中石化(hua)在(zai)榜(bang)上(shang)排(pai)(pai)名比去年(nian)上(shang)升(sheng)一位，排(pai)(pai)名超過(guo)殼牌(pai)石油，成為榜(bang)單亞軍(jun)。

如(ru)果(guo)按利(li)(li)潤(run)將所有(you)上(shang)榜公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司從高到低排列，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)工商(shang)銀(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)以(yi)447.6億美元的利(li)(li)潤(run)成為(wei)今(jin)年世界500強利(li)(li)潤(run)最高的公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司。其(qi)他進入盈利(li)(li)前50名的中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司還(huan)有(you)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)建設銀(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)農業(ye)(ye)銀(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)銀(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)石(shi)油(you)(you)天然氣集團公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司、國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)開發(fa)銀(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)、交通(tong)銀(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)移動通(tong)信(xin)集團公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司、國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)電網公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司、招(zhao)商(shang)銀(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)、和記黃埔有(you)限公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)海洋(yang)石(shi)油(you)(you)總公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司、臺積電，總共12家(jia)(jia)，占比24％。其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)銀(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)與能源企業(ye)(ye)占絕對多數(shu)，主(zhu)力(li)軍多為(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)企業(ye)(ye)。

在(zai)虧損最多的50家公(gong)司(si)(si)中，中國(guo)企(qi)業占(zhan)據(ju)14席，占(zhan)比28％。按(an)虧損數額從多到(dao)少依次(ci)為中國(guo)鋁業公(gong)司(si)(si)、鞍鋼集(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)公(gong)司(si)(si)、臺灣中油股份有(you)限(xian)公(gong)司(si)(si)、開灤集(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)、大同(tong)煤礦(kuang)(kuang)集(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)有(you)限(xian)責任公(gong)司(si)(si)、河(he)(he)南(nan)能源化(hua)工集(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)、中國(guo)五(wu)礦(kuang)(kuang)集(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)公(gong)司(si)(si)、冀中能源集(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)、陜西煤業化(hua)工集(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)、中國(guo)機(ji)械工業集(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)有(you)限(xian)公(gong)司(si)(si)、河(he)(he)北鋼鐵集(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)、中國(guo)化(hua)工集(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)公(gong)司(si)(si)、山東能源集(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)有(you)限(xian)公(gong)司(si)(si)、潞安集(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)。從行業看，中國(guo)礦(kuang)(kuang)業、煤業與(yu)全球能源企(qi)業面臨同(tong)樣挑戰。

榜(bang)上(shang)(shang)排名(ming)上(shang)(shang)升(sheng)最快的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)公(gong)(gong)司(si)是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)糧(liang)集(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)有限(xian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)，排名(ming)從去年的(de)第401位(wei)上(shang)(shang)升(sheng)至(zhi)今年的(de)272位(wei)。其次是(shi)招商(shang)銀行，排名(ming)由第350位(wei)上(shang)(shang)升(sheng)至(zhi)235位(wei)。在新(xin)上(shang)(shang)榜(bang)與(yu)重(zhong)新(xin)上(shang)(shang)榜(bang)的(de)23家(jia)(jia)公(gong)(gong)司(si)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)公(gong)(gong)司(si)獨占10家(jia)(jia)，分別是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)鐵路工(gong)程總公(gong)(gong)司(si)、陜西煤(mei)(mei)業(ye)化(hua)工(gong)集(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)光大(da)集(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)、仁寶電腦、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)航天科技集(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)公(gong)(gong)司(si)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)保(bao)利(li)集(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)、海航集(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)、友邦(bang)保(bao)險、國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)泰人壽(shou)保(bao)險股份有限(xian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)、臺積電。陜西煤(mei)(mei)業(ye)化(hua)工(gong)集(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)光大(da)集(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)航天科技集(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)公(gong)(gong)司(si)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)保(bao)利(li)集(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)、海航集(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)等5家(jia)(jia)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內地公(gong)(gong)司(si)首次上(shang)(shang)榜(bang)。從排名(ming)上(shang)(shang)升(sheng)與(yu)新(xin)入圍名(ming)單(dan)看，再次印證中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)金融企(qi)業(ye)的(de)整體實力上(shang)(shang)升(sheng)。

中(zhong)國內地(di)上(shang)(shang)榜的民(min)營企(qi)(qi)業中(zhong)，華為(wei)投資控股有(you)(you)限公(gong)司排(pai)名(ming)由去(qu)年的第285位(wei)上(shang)(shang)升至(zhi)第228位(wei)、中(zhong)國民(min)生銀行排(pai)名(ming)上(shang)(shang)升至(zhi)第281位(wei)、浙江吉利控股集團排(pai)名(ming)下(xia)降至(zhi)第477位(wei)。民(min)營企(qi)(qi)業雖(sui)然(ran)入圍的數量有(you)(you)限，但從排(pai)名(ming)總體上(shang)(shang)升看其(qi)競爭(zheng)力繼續呈現穩步增強趨勢。解決就業能力是體現企(qi)(qi)業對經濟社會發展整體貢(gong)獻的重要(yao)指(zhi)標。在前(qian)50家(jia)(jia)員工人數最多(duo)的企(qi)(qi)業中(zhong)，中(zhong)國企(qi)(qi)業獨占17家(jia)(jia)，其(qi)中(zhong)中(zhong)國石油(you)天然(ran)氣集團公(gong)司擁有(you)(you)員工163萬多(duo)名(ming)，僅次(ci)于沃爾瑪的220萬人，位(wei)居全(quan)球第二。

今年(nian)的《財富》世界500強入圍企(qi)(qi)業(ye)涉及63個行(xing)業(ye)，主要(yao)集中(zhong)在(zai)(zai)銀行(xing)、能源、車(che)輛與零(ling)部件、采礦、保險、百貨(huo)、電信、公用(yong)設(she)施、電子與電氣設(she)備、金屬產品、工程與建筑、貿易、航天(tian)與防務、制藥行(xing)業(ye)。中(zhong)國雖(sui)然(ran)在(zai)(zai)現代(dai)服務、高端制造(zao)等20個行(xing)業(ye)仍然(ran)缺(que)位，與美國企(qi)(qi)業(ye)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)較(jiao)大(da)差(cha)距，但是近(jin)年(nian)來中(zhong)國企(qi)(qi)業(ye)的上升勢頭強勁，與美國企(qi)(qi)業(ye)的差(cha)距逐步縮(suo)小。

在2013年世界(jie)500強(qiang)排行榜中(zhong)，有95家中(zhong)國(guo)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)上榜，2014年增加到100家，今年又增至106家。中(zhong)國(guo)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)在世界(jie)500強(qiang)排行榜中(zhong)第二軍(jun)團(tuan)的地位進一步穩固。雖(sui)然中(zhong)國(guo)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)在世界(jie)500強(qiang)排行榜中(zhong)的數(shu)量不斷攀升，企(qi)業(ye)(ye)平均(jun)收入和資(zi)產的數(shu)量大(da)幅增長，但是體現企(qi)業(ye)(ye)競(jing)爭力的關鍵數(shu)據，如企(qi)業(ye)(ye)人均(jun)利潤(run)與其他世界(jie)500強(qiang)公司(si)相比仍然存在差距(ju)，需要(yao)更加重視發(fa)展(zhan)質量。

（本文章(zhang)摘自7月24日《經濟日報(bao)》，資料來(lai)源為(wei)《財富》雜(za)志(zhi)）