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江蘇電(dian)網最高負荷(he)5次破億(yi)千瓦，浙江電(dian)網最高負荷(he)6次創(chuang)歷史(shi)新高，湖北等12個省級電(dian)網負荷(he)合計(ji)30次創(chuang)歷史(shi)新高……入夏以(yi)來，全國日(ri)發電(dian)量(liang)和統(tong)調用電(dian)負荷(he)屢創(chuang)新高，被(bei)視為經濟運(yun)行(xing)“晴(qing)雨表”的社會用電(dian)量(liang)上漲勁(jing)頭十(shi)足，折射出(chu)中(zhong)國經濟復蘇向好的趨勢。

電力消費復蘇快

進入8月(yue)，全國日發電(dian)量和統(tong)(tong)調用(yong)電(dian)負(fu)荷快速攀(pan)升，創(chuang)出新高(gao)(gao)。國家發改委數據顯示，截至17日，全國日發電(dian)量最高(gao)(gao)達(da)到(dao)246億(yi)千(qian)瓦(wa)時，比(bi)去年(nian)峰值(zhi)高(gao)(gao)出6.86億(yi)千(qian)瓦(wa)時；統(tong)(tong)調用(yong)電(dian)負(fu)荷最高(gao)(gao)達(da)到(dao)10.76億(yi)千(qian)瓦(wa)，比(bi)去年(nian)峰值(zhi)高(gao)(gao)出2400萬千(qian)瓦(wa)。

“初步(bu)分析，全國(guo)日(ri)發電(dian)量(liang)和統調用電(dian)負荷(he)連(lian)創新(xin)(xin)高(gao)，既有持續高(gao)溫晴熱天氣(qi)導致空(kong)調負荷(he)快速增(zeng)長的影(ying)響(xiang)，同(tong)時反映了國(guo)民(min)經濟繼續穩定恢(hui)復。”國(guo)家發改(gai)委新(xin)(xin)聞發言人孟瑋說。

傳統(tong)制(zhi)造(zao)(zao)業(ye)穩步復蘇(su)，直接體現(xian)在用量需求上。南方電網能(neng)源發展(zhan)研究院的數據顯示，1-7月(yue)，南方五省區制(zhi)造(zao)(zao)業(ye)同比增長(chang)(chang)1.0%，較上半年加快(kuai)2.3個百(bai)分點，增速實現(xian)由(you)負轉正。其中與(yu)“新基(ji)建”密切(qie)相關的高技(ji)術及裝備制(zhi)造(zao)(zao)業(ye)用電強勁反彈，5、6、7月(yue)當月(yue)分別同比增長(chang)(chang)6.8%、10.7%、10.8%，連續(xu)3個月(yue)高速增長(chang)(chang)，引領工業(ye)增長(chang)(chang)。

此外，大部(bu)分消(xiao)費(fei)品制造(zao)(zao)業(ye)用電量(liang)增(zeng)速(su)由(you)負轉正，體現出國內消(xiao)費(fei)穩(wen)步復(fu)蘇(su)態勢。中國宏觀經濟研究院(yuan)能源(yuan)研究所(suo)楊(yang)晶介紹，二季度，消(xiao)費(fei)品制造(zao)(zao)業(ye)用電量(liang)環比增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)46.1%；同(tong)比下降1.3%，降幅較(jiao)一季度收(shou)窄18.6個百分點。其中，6月消(xiao)費(fei)品制造(zao)(zao)業(ye)用電量(liang)實現正增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)，同(tong)比增(zeng)加1.9%；部(bu)分行業(ye)用電量(liang)大幅回升(sheng)，甚至(zhi)達到兩位數增(zeng)速(su)。例如，主(zhu)要立足(zu)于國內市場的食(shi)品制造(zao)(zao)業(ye)、飲料制造(zao)(zao)業(ye)、家具制造(zao)(zao)業(ye)和(he)煙(yan)草制造(zao)(zao)業(ye)用電量(liang)分別同(tong)比增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)18.1%、10.0%、10.0%和(he)8.2%。

電力投資增長快

用電需(xu)求和電網負荷連攀(pan)高峰(feng)，電力供給是否(fou)“吃得消”？

從產(chan)(chan)量(liang)、產(chan)(chan)能(neng)和設(she)(she)備利(li)用程度看(kan)，供電(dian)(dian)(dian)穩(wen)定有(you)保障(zhang)。看(kan)產(chan)(chan)量(liang)，發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)持續增長(chang)。7月(yue)份，全(quan)國規(gui)模以上工業發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)同(tong)比(bi)(bi)增長(chang)1.9%。其(qi)中，水電(dian)(dian)(dian)、核(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)、風電(dian)(dian)(dian)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)同(tong)比(bi)(bi)分別增長(chang)6.1%、6.7%、23.2%。看(kan)產(chan)(chan)能(neng)，發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)機容量(liang)保持同(tong)比(bi)(bi)增長(chang)勢頭。截至7月(yue)底，全(quan)國6000千(qian)瓦及以上電(dian)(dian)(dian)廠發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)機容量(liang)達到19.5億千(qian)瓦，同(tong)比(bi)(bi)增長(chang)6.7%。看(kan)設(she)(she)備利(li)用程度，1-7月(yue)份，全(quan)國發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)備累計平均(jun)利(li)用小(xiao)時2074小(xiao)時，比(bi)(bi)上年同(tong)期降低111小(xiao)時。

入夏以來，面對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)需求走高(gao)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)供(gong)給側(ce)持續發力(li)(li)。國(guo)家電(dian)(dian)(dian)網數(shu)據顯(xian)示，今(jin)年夏季(ji)，已有(you)華東、西南2個(ge)區域電(dian)(dian)(dian)網和15個(ge)省級電(dian)(dian)(dian)網用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)負荷創歷史(shi)新高(gao)，加上夏季(ji)暴雨(yu)、臺風、雷電(dian)(dian)(dian)等(deng)多(duo)發，多(duo)地電(dian)(dian)(dian)網在惡(e)劣天氣中受損嚴重(zhong)。面對(dui)疫情(qing)和惡(e)劣天氣，國(guo)家電(dian)(dian)(dian)網廣大干部員工經受住多(duo)重(zhong)考驗(yan)，有(you)力(li)(li)保障(zhang)了用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)高(gao)峰期間的生(sheng)產(chan)生(sheng)活用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。目前，全國(guo)各地電(dian)(dian)(dian)網整體運行平穩。

電(dian)(dian)子投資快速增(zeng)長(chang)，電(dian)(dian)力工業(ye)發(fa)展后勁(jing)足。國家能源局日前發(fa)布的1-7月(yue)份全(quan)國電(dian)(dian)力工業(ye)統計數據(ju)顯示，1-7月(yue)，全(quan)國新增(zeng)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)裝機容(rong)量5409萬千瓦，同(tong)比增(zeng)長(chang)701萬千瓦；電(dian)(dian)源工程(cheng)投資完成(cheng)2139億元，同(tong)比增(zeng)長(chang)51.0%，其中(zhong)風電(dian)(dian)1112億元，同(tong)比增(zeng)長(chang)164.0%；電(dian)(dian)網工程(cheng)投資完成(cheng)2053億元，同(tong)比增(zeng)長(chang)1.6%；新增(zeng)220千伏及以上(shang)輸電(dian)(dian)線路(lu)長(chang)度約1.9萬千米，比上(shang)年同(tong)比增(zeng)加899千米。

新產業用電增長快

用電(dian)量(liang)(liang)快速增長的背后，還(huan)反映(ying)出中國經濟向更高質量(liang)(liang)發展的態勢。

電(dian)(dian)能(neng)替(ti)(ti)代(dai)(dai)拉(la)動用電(dian)(dian)需求增長(chang)明(ming)顯(xian)，經濟(ji)發展更“綠”了。數(shu)據顯(xian)示，今年(nian)以(yi)來，電(dian)(dian)能(neng)替(ti)(ti)代(dai)(dai)繼(ji)續保(bao)持(chi)較大(da)規模增長(chang)，通(tong)過加強港口岸電(dian)(dian)、充電(dian)(dian)等設施建設推動以(yi)電(dian)(dian)代(dai)(dai)煤、以(yi)電(dian)(dian)代(dai)(dai)油(you)，上半年(nian)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)替(ti)(ti)代(dai)(dai)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)規模達1100億(yi)千瓦時(shi)左右。據統計(ji)，截至6月底，中國各類充電(dian)(dian)樁保(bao)有(you)量(liang)已(yi)達132.2萬個，其中公共(gong)充電(dian)(dian)樁55.8萬個，數(shu)量(liang)位(wei)居(ju)全球首(shou)位(wei)。

高(gao)技術產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)需(xu)求大，經濟(ji)發(fa)展新(xin)動(dong)能凸(tu)顯。二季度，高(gao)技術及(ji)裝(zhuang)備制(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)同(tong)比(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長4.6%，超出工業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)增(zeng)(zeng)速(su)約2個百分(fen)點。其中，對比(bi)(bi)4月(yue)來看，5月(yue)和(he)(he)6月(yue)高(gao)技術行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)同(tong)比(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)速(su)分(fen)別快速(su)反彈至(zhi)5.4%和(he)(he)8.4%。進入7月(yue)份，汽車制(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)同(tong)比(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長20.3%，計(ji)算機(ji)通信和(he)(he)其他(ta)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)設備制(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、通用(yong)設備制(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣機(ji)械和(he)(he)器材制(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)等用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)增(zeng)(zeng)速(su)也都在兩(liang)位數以(yi)上。

新(xin)業態(tai)用(yong)電量(liang)激增(zeng)，經(jing)濟發展新(xin)意(yi)十(shi)足。楊晶介紹(shao)，上半年依托大(da)數據(ju)、云計算、物(wu)聯網等新(xin)技術(shu)的網絡信息服務(wu)(wu)業用(yong)電量(liang)同比增(zeng)長27.7%。其(qi)中，互聯網數據(ju)服務(wu)(wu)業用(yong)電量(liang)同比激增(zeng)71.6%，反映出線上教(jiao)育、網絡會議等新(xin)方式正在快速普及。

“高(gao)技術(shu)裝備(bei)制造業用(yong)電(dian)(dian)量較快(kuai)回升、網絡信(xin)息服務業用(yong)電(dian)(dian)量‘快(kuai)跑’等，從一個側面說明中(zhong)國經(jing)(jing)濟的韌性和潛力。”中(zhong)電(dian)(dian)聯專職副理事長(chang)兼(jian)秘(mi)書(shu)長(chang)于崇德說，用(yong)電(dian)(dian)量增速逐月回升中(zhong)有氣溫升高(gao)的因素，但經(jing)(jing)濟總體逐步復蘇、新動能保持強勁支撐是最(zui)主要(yao)原因。

【責任編輯：趙藝涵(han)】