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當前，我國(guo)經(jing)濟已由高速增長階段(duan)轉向高質量(liang)發展(zhan)(zhan)階段(duan)，正處在轉變發展(zhan)(zhan)方(fang)(fang)式、優化經(jing)濟結構、轉換增長動力的(de)(de)(de)攻關期。實體(ti)經(jing)濟是經(jing)濟發展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)根基，事關改(gai)革和發展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)全局(ju)。黨(dang)的(de)(de)(de)十(shi)九大報告提出，建(jian)設現代(dai)化經(jing)濟體(ti)系，必(bi)須把發展(zhan)(zhan)經(jing)濟的(de)(de)(de)著(zhu)力點放在實體(ti)經(jing)濟上，把提高供(gong)給體(ti)系質量(liang)作為主攻方(fang)(fang)向，顯著(zhu)增強我國(guo)經(jing)濟質量(liang)優勢。這(zhe)不僅為振興實體(ti)經(jing)濟指明(ming)了方(fang)(fang)向，也廓清了中國(guo)經(jing)濟轉型升級的(de)(de)(de)路(lu)徑。

作為農(nong)業(ye)(ye)大國(guo)和制造(zao)業(ye)(ye)大國(guo)，實體(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)市場的(de)主體(ti)(ti)(ti)，也是(shi)(shi)國(guo)民經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)基石。改革開(kai)放(fang)40年來(lai)，我(wo)(wo)國(guo)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)交出(chu)亮麗成績單(dan)，從根本上說是(shi)(shi)得益于實體(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)。未來(lai)，推(tui)動我(wo)(wo)國(guo)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)實現高(gao)質(zhi)量發(fa)展(zhan)，同(tong)樣也離不開(kai)實體(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)支撐(cheng)。我(wo)(wo)們(men)是(shi)(shi)靠實體(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)起(qi)(qi)家的(de)，也要靠實體(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)走向未來(lai)。當前和今后一個時期，我(wo)(wo)們(men)必須以“咬定(ding)青(qing)山不放(fang)松”的(de)決心振興實體(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)，從產品、企業(ye)(ye)、市場、體(ti)(ti)(ti)制等(deng)層面入手，建設支撐(cheng)高(gao)質(zhi)量發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)現代產業(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系，提高(gao)實體(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)質(zhi)量效益，讓(rang)實體(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)真正(zheng)實起(qi)(qi)來(lai)、興起(qi)(qi)來(lai)。

第一，提(ti)(ti)(ti)升(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)，抓住消(xiao)費(fei)升(sheng)級(ji)機(ji)遇。振興實體(ti)經(jing)濟，關鍵在于提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)供給(gei)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)效益。要(yao)適應消(xiao)費(fei)升(sheng)級(ji)的需要(yao)，強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)創(chuang)新(xin)和全(quan)(quan)面(mian)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)管理，提(ti)(ti)(ti)升(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)附加(jia)值(zhi)和產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)，為社(she)會(hui)提(ti)(ti)(ti)供更多高(gao)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)、高(gao)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)的產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)和服務。在這一過程中，要(yao)堅(jian)持技(ji)(ji)術(shu)立本。加(jia)大(da)(da)(da)科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)創(chuang)新(xin)投(tou)入(ru)，縮短科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)成(cheng)果商業(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)和社(she)會(hui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)周期，提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)附加(jia)值(zhi)。充(chong)分利用大(da)(da)(da)數(shu)據、互聯網等(deng)新(xin)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)準(zhun)確分析(xi)市(shi)(shi)場供給(gei)與需求(qiu)情(qing)況，加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)的創(chuang)意創(chuang)新(xin)設(she)(she)計，不(bu)斷推出符合(he)國內國際(ji)市(shi)(shi)場需求(qiu)變(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的新(xin)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)、新(xin)服務。要(yao)堅(jian)持品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)立身。建(jian)立健全(quan)(quan)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)標準(zhun)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)，全(quan)(quan)面(mian)實施標準(zhun)化(hua)(hua)(hua)戰略，加(jia)快標準(zhun)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)企、質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)企、品(pin)(pin)(pin)牌強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)企建(jian)設(she)(she)。建(jian)立完(wan)善產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)保障(zhang)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)，健全(quan)(quan)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)責任追究(jiu)制(zhi)度，在國際(ji)市(shi)(shi)場樹立中國產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)的良好形象。此外，還要(yao)大(da)(da)(da)力(li)弘揚“工(gong)(gong)匠精神(shen)”，厚植工(gong)(gong)匠文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)，培育一大(da)(da)(da)批精益求(qiu)精、不(bu)斷創(chuang)新(xin)工(gong)(gong)藝、改(gai)進產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的現代產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)工(gong)(gong)人(ren)，把產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)做成(cheng)精品(pin)(pin)(pin)，助力(li)高(gao)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)和服務的供給(gei)。

第二，用(yong)好(hao)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)主體，提(ti)(ti)升整體競爭力。振興實體經(jing)濟，企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)必須(xu)內練筋骨(gu)，從提(ti)(ti)升發展質量入手，完善(shan)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)制度，提(ti)(ti)高自主創新(xin)能力和(he)經(jing)營管理水(shui)平(ping)，努力推動中國(guo)制造(zao)向中國(guo)創造(zao)轉變。一方(fang)面，要(yao)完善(shan)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)制度。通過建立(li)完善(shan)的公(gong)司(si)治理結構(gou)，為企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發展保(bao)駕(jia)護航。另一方(fang)面，還要(yao)加強(qiang)管理創新(xin)。運用(yong)科學(xue)管理方(fang)法，提(ti)(ti)高企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)決策和(he)經(jing)營管理水(shui)平(ping)，簡化生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)流程，提(ti)(ti)升供(gong)應鏈協調能力，在保(bao)障質量前(qian)提(ti)(ti)下降低(di)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)成本，實現提(ti)(ti)質增效。此外，還要(yao)加強(qiang)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)之(zhi)間的競爭合作(zuo)，促進管理、技術、人才、資金優勢相(xiang)融合，整合優勢資源，提(ti)(ti)升企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)整體競爭力。

第三，優化(hua)(hua)市(shi)場(chang)建設(she)，增強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)能力。實(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)根基，金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)是(shi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)血脈，為實(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)是(shi)金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)立業之本。近(jin)年來(lai)，我(wo)國(guo)金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)業取得長足發(fa)展(zhan)，但總體(ti)上(shang)看(kan)，金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)優化(hua)(hua)資(zi)源配置、振興實(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)作用(yong)尚(shang)未充分(fen)發(fa)揮，金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)效(xiao)率(lv)還不高(gao)(gao)。在這一(yi)過程中，金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)業既要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)聚焦主業、強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)(hua)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，還要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)轉變(bian)方(fang)式、優化(hua)(hua)結(jie)構，從而更好(hao)地服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)。一(yi)是(shi)優化(hua)(hua)金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)資(zi)源配置，增強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)針對(dui)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)有(you)(you)效(xiao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。緊緊圍繞國(guo)家重(zhong)(zhong)大戰略、重(zhong)(zhong)點項目、關鍵(jian)領域(yu)和(he)薄(bo)弱環節(jie)集聚金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)資(zi)源，積極發(fa)展(zhan)普(pu)惠金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)、綠(lv)色金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)，矯正要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)素資(zi)源錯配，著力解決實(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)融(rong)(rong)資(zi)難融(rong)(rong)資(zi)貴問題(ti)。二是(shi)推動金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)創(chuang)新(xin)，不斷(duan)開(kai)發(fa)新(xin)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)和(he)新(xin)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)和(he)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)方(fang)式是(shi)否符合市(shi)場(chang)需(xu)求，對(dui)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)效(xiao)率(lv)有(you)(you)著重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)影(ying)響。金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)機構應從戰略高(gao)(gao)度做好(hao)金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)和(he)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)方(fang)式的(de)(de)創(chuang)新(xin)工作，既要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)改造(zao)提(ti)升原有(you)(you)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)，又要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)重(zhong)(zhong)視(shi)創(chuang)造(zao)新(xin)的(de)(de)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)；既要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)創(chuang)新(xin)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)方(fang)式、優化(hua)(hua)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)系，又要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)覆蓋率(lv)和(he)便捷度，積極創(chuang)新(xin)“量體(ti)裁衣”式的(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)和(he)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),滿足實(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)對(dui)金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)和(he)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)多樣化(hua)(hua)、個性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)化(hua)(hua)需(xu)求。三是(shi)完善(shan)績效(xiao)考核機制，增強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)積極性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。建議(yi)完善(shan)國(guo)有(you)(you)商(shang)業銀行和(he)政(zheng)策(ce)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)銀行績效(xiao)考核標(biao)準，將服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)成效(xiao)作為評價經(jing)營績效(xiao)的(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)指標(biao)，增強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)全(quan)體(ti)員工服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)積極性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、主動性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)創(chuang)造(zao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。

第四(si)，完(wan)善(shan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，營造良好發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)環(huan)(huan)境。良好環(huan)(huan)境是發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)實(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)濟(ji)的(de)重要(yao)(yao)前提和有效保障(zhang)。要(yao)(yao)按照供給側(ce)結構性改(gai)(gai)革要(yao)(yao)求，加強統籌(chou)協調，建立健全(quan)(quan)相關(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，破(po)除(chu)要(yao)(yao)素(su)市場(chang)化(hua)配置障(zhang)礙，降低制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度性交易(yi)成本(ben)，推(tui)動政(zheng)策、資金(jin)、技術(shu)、人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才等(deng)要(yao)(yao)素(su)匯聚到發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)實(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)濟(ji)的(de)大潮(chao)中。比如，要(yao)(yao)深(shen)化(hua)“放管服(fu)”改(gai)(gai)革，圍(wei)繞提高(gao)全(quan)(quan)要(yao)(yao)素(su)生產率(lv)、增強創新活力(li)，開展(zhan)降稅清費工(gong)作，引導更多(duo)資金(jin)、土地(di)等(deng)要(yao)(yao)素(su)資源投入工(gong)業(ye)、制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造業(ye)領域(yu)，支持(chi)實(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)；要(yao)(yao)完(wan)善(shan)有利于促進(jin)公(gong)平競爭的(de)規則體(ti)(ti)(ti)系，完(wan)善(shan)物權(quan)(quan)(quan)、合同、知識產權(quan)(quan)(quan)相關(guan)法律制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度，加強對(dui)各種(zhong)所有制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)企業(ye)和自然人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)財產權(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)保護；要(yao)(yao)加大人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才培養(yang)力(li)度，完(wan)善(shan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才激勵評(ping)價機(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，激發(fa)(fa)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才創造創新活力(li)；要(yao)(yao)推(tui)進(jin)土地(di)、人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)力(li)資本(ben)、資金(jin)、科技等(deng)領域(yu)改(gai)(gai)革，消除(chu)要(yao)(yao)素(su)自由流動的(de)體(ti)(ti)(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)障(zhang)礙，等(deng)等(deng)。與此同時(shi)，還要(yao)(yao)加快(kuai)財政(zheng)金(jin)融體(ti)(ti)(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)改(gai)(gai)革，落實(shi)財稅支持(chi)實(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)濟(ji)的(de)相關(guan)政(zheng)策，加強金(jin)融監(jian)管，提高(gao)實(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)能力(li)和國際競爭能力(li)。（殷(yin)瑞航(hang) 成丕德）

【責任編輯：語謙】