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黨的十九屆五中全(quan)(quan)(quan)會《建議(yi)》把(ba)統籌(chou)發展(zhan)和(he)(he)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)納入“十四五”時(shi)期(qi)經濟社會發展(zhan)指導思想(xiang)，并列專章作出戰略(lve)部署，突出了(le)(le)國家安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)在黨和(he)(he)國家工(gong)作大局中的重要地位。增強產業(ye)鏈供應(ying)鏈自主可控能力是統籌(chou)發展(zhan)和(he)(he)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)的重要方面。新(xin)冠肺炎疫(yi)情全(quan)(quan)(quan)球大流(liu)行和(he)(he)日益復(fu)雜的國際形(xing)勢(shi)對我國產業(ye)鏈供應(ying)鏈安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)穩定(ding)帶來一定(ding)影響，凸顯了(le)(le)保障產業(ye)鏈供應(ying)鏈安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)穩定(ding)的極端(duan)重要性(xing)。去年底召開(kai)的中央經濟工(gong)作會議(yi)提出：“增強產業(ye)鏈供應(ying)鏈自主可控能力。”這為我們維護產業(ye)鏈供應(ying)鏈安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)穩定(ding)、維護國家安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)和(he)(he)發展(zhan)利(li)益指明了(le)(le)方向。

20世(shi)紀80年(nian)代以來，國(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)外(wai)理(li)論(lun)界關(guan)于“鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)”的(de)研究日益增(zeng)多，尤(you)其是產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)、供(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)逐漸成為經(jing)(jing)濟學研究的(de)熱點和(he)前沿。產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)就是由在(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)、運營等(deng)環(huan)節具有(you)內(nei)在(zai)技術經(jing)(jing)濟關(guan)聯的(de)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)依據特定(ding)(ding)的(de)邏(luo)輯關(guan)系(xi)(xi)和(he)時(shi)空(kong)布(bu)局關(guan)系(xi)(xi)，為實現價值增(zeng)加等(deng)經(jing)(jing)濟活動而形成的(de)網鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)結構。供(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)則是從采購生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)資料到(dao)制成產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品，并經(jing)(jing)由銷售、運輸網絡把產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品送達終端(duan)，將供(gong)應(ying)商(shang)、制造(zao)商(shang)、分銷商(shang)直到(dao)最(zui)終用戶連成一個整體的(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)體系(xi)(xi)。通過這(zhe)種(zhong)網鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)結構和(he)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)體系(xi)(xi)，產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)和(he)銷售可以由這(zhe)一鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)條上的(de)相關(guan)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)通過分工合作(zuo)來共同完成。經(jing)(jing)濟全(quan)(quan)球(qiu)化的(de)深入發(fa)(fa)展，就是產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)供(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)等(deng)在(zai)全(quan)(quan)球(qiu)范圍(wei)內(nei)配置重(zhong)組的(de)結果。2008年(nian)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際金融危機和(he)新(xin)冠(guan)肺(fei)炎疫情全(quan)(quan)球(qiu)大流行，對(dui)我國(guo)(guo)(guo)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)供(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)了一定(ding)(ding)影響。一方面，世(shi)界主要經(jing)(jing)濟體更(geng)加重(zhong)視(shi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)供(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)的(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)，開始(shi)重(zhong)新(xin)審視(shi)其產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)供(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)的(de)全(quan)(quan)球(qiu)布(bu)局，一些發(fa)(fa)達國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)還出臺(tai)了“再(zai)工業(ye)(ye)(ye)化”戰略，試圖將制造(zao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)大量回遷國(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)；另一方面，個別國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)對(dui)我國(guo)(guo)(guo)科(ke)技企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)進行無理(li)打壓(ya)、斷供(gong)，也在(zai)一定(ding)(ding)程(cheng)度(du)上影響了我國(guo)(guo)(guo)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)供(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)的(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)，對(dui)我國(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)和(he)發(fa)(fa)展利益造(zao)成損(sun)害。

習(xi)近(jin)平總書記(ji)指出：“優化(hua)和穩(wen)定產(chan)業(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)、供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)。產(chan)業(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)、供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)在關(guan)鍵時刻不能(neng)掉鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)子，這是大國(guo)(guo)(guo)經濟必須具(ju)備的重要(yao)特(te)征。要(yao)拉長長板，補齊(qi)短板，在關(guan)系(xi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家安(an)(an)全(quan)的領(ling)域和節點(dian)構(gou)建自(zi)主(zhu)可(ke)(ke)控(kong)、安(an)(an)全(quan)可(ke)(ke)靠的國(guo)(guo)(guo)內生產(chan)供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)體系(xi)。”在國(guo)(guo)(guo)際產(chan)業(ye)(ye)分工(gong)日益精細的今天，增強我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)自(zi)主(zhu)可(ke)(ke)控(kong)能(neng)力(li)(li)，應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)抓(zhua)住全(quan)球產(chan)業(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)調整的戰略窗口期，強化(hua)頂層(ceng)設計，持續補短板、鍛長板，全(quan)力(li)(li)做好(hao)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)基礎(chu)再造和產(chan)業(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)提升(sheng)工(gong)作，著力(li)(li)打造自(zi)主(zhu)可(ke)(ke)控(kong)、安(an)(an)全(quan)可(ke)(ke)靠的產(chan)業(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)，形成必要(yao)的產(chan)業(ye)(ye)備份系(xi)統，確(que)保(bao)在關(guan)鍵核心技術、關(guan)鍵零(ling)部件、基礎(chu)產(chan)品等(deng)(deng)供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)受(shou)到(dao)斷供(gong)(gong)(gong)等(deng)(deng)限制時，依(yi)然能(neng)夠依(yi)靠自(zi)身實力(li)(li)保(bao)持國(guo)(guo)(guo)內產(chan)業(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)穩(wen)定運行，保(bao)障國(guo)(guo)(guo)家安(an)(an)全(quan)和發展利益。

具體而(er)言，增強(qiang)我(wo)國產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)供(gong)應鏈(lian)(lian)自(zi)主(zhu)(zhu)可(ke)控(kong)能力(li)(li)，可(ke)以(yi)(yi)從以(yi)(yi)下幾個方面著手。一是(shi)堅持自(zi)主(zhu)(zhu)可(ke)控(kong)、安全可(ke)靠，分(fen)行業(ye)(ye)分(fen)階(jie)段推進(jin)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)供(gong)應鏈(lian)(lian)的(de)優化(hua)(hua)與多元化(hua)(hua)，把關鍵(jian)核心(xin)技術(shu)牢牢掌(zhang)握在自(zi)己手中，在重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)領域(yu)形成產(chan)(chan)能備(bei)(bei)份，力(li)(li)爭實現重(zhong)要領域(yu)和關鍵(jian)節點(dian)(dian)的(de)自(zi)主(zhu)(zhu)可(ke)控(kong)，打(da)造以(yi)(yi)我(wo)為主(zhu)(zhu)的(de)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)供(gong)應鏈(lian)(lian)。二是(shi)針(zhen)對(dui)(dui)高(gao)端芯片、基(ji)礎軟件(jian)、生物醫藥等重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)領域(yu)，加(jia)快補(bu)齊在先進(jin)工藝、基(ji)礎零部件(jian)、關鍵(jian)材料等方面的(de)短板，著力(li)(li)攻克關鍵(jian)核心(xin)技術(shu)“卡(ka)脖(bo)子(zi)”問題，提(ti)升產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)基(ji)礎高(gao)級(ji)化(hua)(hua)和產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)現代化(hua)(hua)水平；對(dui)(dui)軌道交通、工程機械、航(hang)空航(hang)天、電(dian)子(zi)信(xin)息(xi)、新(xin)材料等已具備(bei)(bei)優勢的(de)領域(yu)，加(jia)緊實施產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)基(ji)礎再(zai)造和技術(shu)提(ti)升工程，以(yi)(yi)加(jia)強(qiang)和鞏固領先地(di)位。三是(shi)以(yi)(yi)智能化(hua)(hua)、數(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)化(hua)(hua)、物聯網(wang)化(hua)(hua)為重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)，加(jia)快推廣應用新(xin)技術(shu)，加(jia)速產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)數(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)化(hua)(hua)轉型(xing)，確(que)保相關產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)發展始終站在全球數(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)供(gong)應鏈(lian)(lian)前沿(yan)。（鄧子(zi)綱）

【責任編輯：趙藝涵】