文章來源：學習時報 發布時間：2021-09-25
如果(guo)把(ba)5G網(wang)(wang)絡、人工(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)、工(gong)業(ye)互聯(lian)(lian)(lian)網(wang)(wang)、物聯(lian)(lian)(lian)網(wang)(wang)、數據中(zhong)心等新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)一(yi)代信息(xi)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)界定為(wei)(wei)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，那(nei)么新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)（以下簡稱(cheng)“新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)基(ji)建(jian)(jian)”）并非一(yi)個全(quan)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)事(shi)物。2018年中(zhong)央經濟工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)會(hui)議(yi)提(ti)出(chu)：要(yao)促(cu)進形(xing)成(cheng)強(qiang)(qiang)大國(guo)(guo)內(nei)市場，我國(guo)(guo)發(fa)(fa)展現階段投(tou)(tou)資需求潛力仍然巨大，要(yao)發(fa)(fa)揮投(tou)(tou)資關鍵作(zuo)(zuo)用，加(jia)快5G商用步伐，加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)人工(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)、工(gong)業(ye)互聯(lian)(lian)(lian)網(wang)(wang)、物聯(lian)(lian)(lian)網(wang)(wang)等新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)。隨后，在(zai)2019年的(de)(de)政府(fu)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)報(bao)告中(zhong)提(ti)出(chu)加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)一(yi)代信息(xi)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)。2019年7月30日中(zhong)央政治局(ju)會(hui)議(yi)針對下半年經濟工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)再次強(qiang)(qiang)調，要(yao)加(jia)快推進信息(xi)網(wang)(wang)絡等新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)。甚(shen)至，可以把(ba)“新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)基(ji)建(jian)(jian)”上溯到2008年國(guo)(guo)際(ji)金融(rong)危機(ji)(ji)，當時全(quan)球(qiu)為(wei)(wei)了應對國(guo)(guo)際(ji)金融(rong)危機(ji)(ji)努力尋求新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)經濟增長點(dian)，這(zhe)極大促(cu)進了新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)一(yi)輪(lun)科技(ji)和產業(ye)革命(ming)加(jia)速拓(tuo)展，自此以后上述所謂(wei)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)直(zhi)是全(quan)球(qiu)投(tou)(tou)資和資本市場追逐的(de)(de)方向。
在新冠肺炎疫情沖擊(ji)下，近期中央多次會議反復提及加快“新基(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)”，市(shi)場也(ye)在高度關注“新基(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)”這(zhe)個熱點(dian)，有人(ren)將(jiang)其作為(wei)新的(de)“刺激計(ji)劃(hua)”。的(de)確，加快“新基(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)”有擴(kuo)大(da)內需(xu)、保證2020年(nian)經(jing)濟(ji)增(zeng)長目標實現這(zhe)方面的(de)功能(neng)，但(dan)是，“新基(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)”并不新，實際上更是上述政策的(de)持(chi)續。科(ke)學(xue)的(de)態度是要(yao)把“新基(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)”內嵌于我(wo)國高質(zhi)量(liang)發展的(de)需(xu)要(yao)，使其客觀上發揮了擴(kuo)大(da)內需(xu)、促(cu)進(jin)增(zeng)長的(de)作用。具體而言(yan)，新型(xing)(xing)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設(she)施應該(gai)理解為(wei)新型(xing)(xing)工(gong)業化(hua)(hua)、新型(xing)(xing)城鎮(zhen)化(hua)(hua)、現代化(hua)(hua)經(jing)濟(ji)體系的(de)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設(she)施，“新基(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)”要(yao)能(neng)夠服(fu)務于高質(zhi)量(liang)工(gong)業化(hua)(hua)、高質(zhi)量(liang)城鎮(zhen)化(hua)(hua)戰略，要(yao)能(neng)夠堅持(chi)供給側結構性改革，這(zhe)才能(neng)真正服(fu)務于我(wo)國經(jing)濟(ji)高質(zhi)量(liang)發展，避免回到“大(da)水(shui)漫灌”的(de)老路。
新型基礎設施應是新型工業化的基礎設施，支撐高質量工業化戰略
當前(qian)資本市(shi)場上(shang)(shang)流(liu)行觀點認為(wei)(wei)新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)主(zhu)要包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)七大領域：5G基(ji)(ji)(ji)建、特高(gao)壓（電力物聯(lian)網(wang)）、高(gao)鐵（軌道交(jiao)通）、充電樁（新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)汽車）、數(shu)據中心（云計算）、人(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、工(gong)(gong)業(ye)互聯(lian)網(wang)，在此之前(qian)，一(yi)些技(ji)(ji)術研究機(ji)構(gou)將新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)定義為(wei)(wei)融合感知、傳(chuan)(chuan)輸、存儲、計算、處理(li)為(wei)(wei)一(yi)體的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)一(yi)代(dai)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。實(shi)際上(shang)(shang)，這些界定雖(sui)然比較具體，但內涵還過于狹(xia)窄(zhai)，無法真正詮釋新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)“新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)”的(de)(de)(de)全部內涵。“新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)”應(ying)是(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)“傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)”相對應(ying)，新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)應(ying)該對應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，而(er)傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)般(ban)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)我(wo)們所理(li)解的(de)(de)(de)鐵路、公路、機(ji)場、港口(kou)城(cheng)市(shi)設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)等(deng)傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，基(ji)(ji)(ji)本上(shang)(shang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)基(ji)(ji)(ji)于上(shang)(shang)一(yi)輪工(gong)(gong)業(ye)革命的(de)(de)(de)機(ji)械技(ji)(ji)術、電氣(qi)技(ji)(ji)術、通信(xin)(xin)技(ji)(ji)術等(deng)應(ying)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)結果(guo)。新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)則(ze)(ze)是(shi)(shi)(shi)新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，所謂新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)則(ze)(ze)是(shi)(shi)(shi)在傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)上(shang)(shang)疊加了(le)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、數(shu)字化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、網(wang)絡化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、綠色(se)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)等(deng)要求，是(shi)(shi)(shi)新(xin)(xin)(xin)一(yi)輪科技(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)革命的(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)技(ji)(ji)術、智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)技(ji)(ji)術、新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)技(ji)(ji)術等(deng)產生和(he)(he)應(ying)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)結果(guo)，新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)既包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)新(xin)(xin)(xin)一(yi)代(dai)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，也包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、綠色(se)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)改造后的(de)(de)(de)設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。因此，新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)應(ying)該是(shi)(shi)(shi)新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，不僅包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)新(xin)(xin)(xin)一(yi)代(dai)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，而(er)且還應(ying)包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)與綠色(se)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)相關的(de)(de)(de)各類基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)；不僅包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)上(shang)(shang)述七大領域，還應(ying)包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)支撐不斷深化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)拓(tuo)展的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)一(yi)輪科技(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)產業(ye)革命的(de)(de)(de)各種(zhong)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。
由(you)于(yu)中(zhong)國是(shi)(shi)(shi)后發(fa)現(xian)代化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)國家，中(zhong)國的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)道(dao)(dao)路(lu)(lu)(lu)并不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)傳統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)道(dao)(dao)路(lu)(lu)(lu)，而是(shi)(shi)(shi)融合了(le)信(xin)息化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、綠(lv)色(se)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)等(deng)要求的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新型工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)道(dao)(dao)路(lu)(lu)(lu)。在(zai)新型工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)道(dao)(dao)路(lu)(lu)(lu)上(shang)我(wo)國快(kuai)速推進(jin)(jin)了(le)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)進(jin)(jin)程(cheng)，基(ji)(ji)(ji)于(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)理(li)論(lun)測評，中(zhong)國的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)進(jin)(jin)程(cheng)已經(jing)(jing)步入(ru)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)后期。但(dan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)我(wo)國的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)進(jin)(jin)程(cheng)還存(cun)在(zai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)充(chong)分問(wen)題，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)還亟待提(ti)升。一是(shi)(shi)(shi)各區域工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)進(jin)(jin)程(cheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)，一些(xie)區域的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)水平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)充(chong)分。上(shang)海、北京、廣東、浙江、江蘇等(deng)已經(jing)(jing)步入(ru)到后工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)，但(dan)仍有相當數(shu)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)西部省份(fen)基(ji)(ji)(ji)本還處于(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)中(zhong)期。二是(shi)(shi)(shi)產業(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結構(gou)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)，創新能力(li)和(he)高(gao)(gao)端產業(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)充(chong)分，鋼鐵(tie)、石化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、建(jian)材等(deng)行業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)低(di)水平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)產能過剩問(wen)題突出(chu)并長期存(cun)在(zai)，而高(gao)(gao)端產業(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)夠和(he)產業(ye)(ye)價(jia)值鏈高(gao)(gao)端環(huan)節(jie)占有不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足，自主(zhu)創新能力(li)還有待提(ti)升。三(san)是(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)速度與資源(yuan)環(huan)境(jing)承載(zai)力(li)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)，綠(lv)色(se)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)充(chong)分，14億人口的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)快(kuai)速工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)進(jin)(jin)程(cheng)，給資源(yuan)環(huan)境(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)承載(zai)提(ti)出(chu)了(le)極(ji)大挑戰(zhan)。黨的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)十九大報告提(ti)出(chu)我(wo)國經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)已由(you)高(gao)(gao)速增長階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)轉向高(gao)(gao)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)，而經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)高(gao)(gao)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)新發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)理(li)念指(zhi)導下針(zhen)對(dui)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)充(chong)分問(wen)題的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，與此相適應，我(wo)國新型工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)道(dao)(dao)路(lu)(lu)(lu)也需要從高(gao)(gao)速度工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)戰(zhan)略(lve)(lve)轉向高(gao)(gao)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)戰(zhan)略(lve)(lve)，針(zhen)對(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)進(jin)(jin)程(cheng)中(zhong)存(cun)在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)充(chong)分問(wen)題，積極(ji)推進(jin)(jin)高(gao)(gao)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)戰(zhan)略(lve)(lve)。因此，“新基(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)”需要支(zhi)撐高(gao)(gao)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)戰(zhan)略(lve)(lve)，針(zhen)對(dui)上(shang)述區域發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)、產業(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)和(he)綠(lv)色(se)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)等(deng)方面不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)充(chong)分問(wen)題進(jin)(jin)行新型基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設施的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)項目(mu)選擇、融資投(tou)資、布局選址(zhi)等(deng)一系列建(jian)設決策。這意味著“新基(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)”絕(jue)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)僅僅是(shi)(shi)(shi)今年短期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)增長問(wen)題，而是(shi)(shi)(shi)“十四五(wu)”規劃(hua)乃(nai)至我(wo)國全面建(jian)設社會主(zhu)義(yi)現(xian)代化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)強國的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重大問(wen)題。
新型基礎設施應是新型城鎮化的基礎設施，支撐高質量城鎮化戰略
伴隨(sui)著(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業化(hua)(hua)(hua)進(jin)(jin)程(cheng)(cheng)，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)進(jin)(jin)程(cheng)(cheng)會(hui)不(bu)斷推(tui)進(jin)(jin)，這是(shi)(shi)一個現代(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)普遍(bian)規律。隨(sui)著(zhu)我(wo)國新(xin)(xin)型(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業化(hua)(hua)(hua)進(jin)(jin)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)深化(hua)(hua)(hua)，我(wo)國也(ye)開(kai)始不(bu)斷推(tui)進(jin)(jin)新(xin)(xin)型(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)，2014年3月，中共(gong)中央、國務院印發《國家新(xin)(xin)型(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)規劃（2014—2020年）》，明確指出緊緊圍繞全面提高(gao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)質(zhi)量，走以人為本、“四化(hua)(hua)(hua)同步(bu)(bu)”、優化(hua)(hua)(hua)布局、生態文(wen)(wen)明、文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)傳承的(de)(de)(de)中國特色新(xin)(xin)型(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)道路。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)發展需要(yao)(yao)大量的(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市間和城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)基礎(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)需要(yao)(yao)大量基礎(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)建設(she)(she)，新(xin)(xin)型(xing)基礎(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)也(ye)應(ying)該(gai)與(yu)新(xin)(xin)型(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)要(yao)(yao)求相(xiang)適應(ying)。經濟高(gao)質(zhi)量發展要(yao)(yao)求“四化(hua)(hua)(hua)同步(bu)(bu)”發展，也(ye)就是(shi)(shi)新(xin)(xin)型(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業化(hua)(hua)(hua)與(yu)信息化(hua)(hua)(hua)深度(du)融(rong)合，而新(xin)(xin)型(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)要(yao)(yao)與(yu)新(xin)(xin)型(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業化(hua)(hua)(hua)良性(xing)互(hu)動，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)與(yu)農業現代(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)相(xiang)協調。從更廣泛(fan)的(de)(de)(de)意義上看，新(xin)(xin)型(xing)基礎(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)應(ying)該(gai)是(shi)(shi)“四化(hua)(hua)(hua)同步(bu)(bu)”發展的(de)(de)(de)基礎(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)，不(bu)僅僅要(yao)(yao)滿足新(xin)(xin)型(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業化(hua)(hua)(hua)與(yu)信息化(hua)(hua)(hua)深度(du)融(rong)合要(yao)(yao)求，還要(yao)(yao)滿足城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)與(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業化(hua)(hua)(hua)良性(xing)互(hu)動、與(yu)農業現代(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)協調的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求。
具體(ti)而(er)言，新(xin)型(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)化(hua)的(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)可以(yi)體(ti)現(xian)為建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)智(zhi)(zhi)慧(hui)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、綠(lv)色(se)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、森林(lin)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、海綿(mian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、人文(wen)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、宜居城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)等(deng)一(yi)系(xi)列類型(xing)(xing)的(de)現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)，還體(ti)現(xian)在城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)群(qun)、大都(dou)(dou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)圈(quan)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)的(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)，這(zhe)些要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)也(ye)是高(gao)質量(liang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)化(hua)戰(zhan)略的(de)目標(biao)，“新(xin)基建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)”就(jiu)是要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)符合(he)現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)群(qun)和(he)都(dou)(dou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)圈(quan)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)的(de)基礎(chu)(chu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)。要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)支撐高(gao)質量(liang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)化(hua)戰(zhan)略，“新(xin)基建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)”一(yi)方(fang)面布局全新(xin)的(de)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)化(hua)、智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)化(hua)、綠(lv)色(se)化(hua)的(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)基礎(chu)(chu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)，如(ru)新(xin)一(yi)代(dai)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)網(wang)(wang)絡，包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)F5G（千(qian)兆光纖寬帶）、5G、物(wu)聯網(wang)(wang)、云計算、邊(bian)緣計算、新(xin)型(xing)(xing)互聯網(wang)(wang)交換(huan)中(zhong)心等(deng)；另一(yi)方(fang)面利(li)用新(xin)一(yi)代(dai)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)技(ji)術和(he)綠(lv)色(se)技(ji)術與(yu)交通運輸、能(neng)源(yuan)水利(li)、市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)政、環保、公共(gong)衛生等(deng)傳統(tong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)基礎(chu)(chu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)進行(xing)融(rong)合(he)，對傳統(tong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)基礎(chu)(chu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)進行(xing)數字(zi)化(hua)、網(wang)(wang)絡化(hua)、智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)化(hua)、綠(lv)色(se)化(hua)升級(ji)而(er)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)形成的(de)新(xin)基礎(chu)(chu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)。例如(ru)，通過信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)技(ji)術與(yu)傳統(tong)基礎(chu)(chu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)的(de)深度融(rong)合(he)，形成工業(ye)物(wu)聯網(wang)(wang)、車(che)聯網(wang)(wang)、電力物(wu)聯網(wang)(wang)、城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)感知設(she)施(shi)(shi)、智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)化(hua)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)政等(deng)。高(gao)質量(liang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)化(hua)戰(zhan)略，不僅包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)單體(ti)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，還包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)群(qun)、都(dou)(dou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)圈(quan)的(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，我國經濟發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)空(kong)間結(jie)構正(zheng)在發(fa)(fa)生深刻(ke)變化(hua)，中(zhong)心城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)群(qun)正(zheng)在成為承(cheng)載發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)素(su)的(de)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)空(kong)間形式。未來城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)群(qun)和(he)都(dou)(dou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)圈(quan)的(de)基礎(chu)(chu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)需求(qiu)(qiu)量(liang)很大，這(zhe)既包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)群(qun)的(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)間高(gao)速、便捷、綠(lv)色(se)、智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)的(de)交通基礎(chu)(chu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)，還包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)都(dou)(dou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)圈(quan)中(zhong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)郊(jiao)區、中(zhong)心城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)衛星(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)間交通、信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)等(deng)基礎(chu)(chu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)以(yi)及(ji)各類公共(gong)設(she)施(shi)(shi)。總之(zhi)，支撐新(xin)型(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)化(hua)戰(zhan)略，將是“新(xin)基建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)”的(de)一(yi)個主戰(zhan)場。
新型基礎設施應是現代化經濟體系的基礎設施，堅持供給側結構性改革
我國(guo)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)從高(gao)速(su)增長(chang)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)向(xiang)高(gao)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)發(fa)展，相應的(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)也需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)從傳統經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)向(xiang)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)，建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)是高(gao)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)發(fa)展的(de)(de)必然(ran)要(yao)(yao)求。現(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)必然(ran)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)，信息(xi)化(hua)(hua)、智能化(hua)(hua)、綠色(se)化(hua)(hua)都是現(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)方向(xiang)和要(yao)(yao)求，因此，新(xin)(xin)型(xing)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)是現(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)，構(gou)成了(le)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)。制(zhi)約傳統經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)向(xiang)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)關鍵(jian)矛盾在于供(gong)給(gei)側質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)不高(gao)，建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)提高(gao)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)供(gong)給(gei)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)，需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)破除無效供(gong)給(gei)、提高(gao)有效供(gong)給(gei)，以(yi)更好地滿足(zu)需(xu)(xu)求，也就是需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)推進(jin)供(gong)給(gei)側結構(gou)性(xing)改(gai)革(ge)。同樣(yang)，建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)，需(xu)(xu)通過“新(xin)(xin)基(ji)(ji)建(jian)(jian)”進(jin)行基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)創新(xin)(xin)，從而提高(gao)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)供(gong)給(gei)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)，促進(jin)數字(zi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、智能經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和綠色(se)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)發(fa)展，進(jin)而推進(jin)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)升級，從而實現(xian)(xian)供(gong)給(gei)側結構(gou)性(xing)改(gai)革(ge)的(de)(de)目(mu)標。
但(dan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，加快“新(xin)基(ji)建”并不(bu)必(bi)然(ran)(ran)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)推進(jin)供(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)側結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)性(xing)(xing)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)。2015年以來，供(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)側結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)性(xing)(xing)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)成(cheng)為我國經(jing)(jing)濟工作主線。供(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)側結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)性(xing)(xing)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)，旨在以改(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)體(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)辦(ban)法(fa)推進(jin)供(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)調整(zheng)、提(ti)高(gao)供(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)質量(liang)，以更(geng)(geng)(geng)好地(di)滿足(zu)需求，進(jin)而實(shi)現(xian)經(jing)(jing)濟平穩健康發(fa)(fa)展。供(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)側結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)性(xing)(xing)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)本質要(yao)(yao)求是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)深化市場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)化改(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)、完善(shan)(shan)市場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)經(jing)(jing)濟體(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)更(geng)(geng)(geng)加完善(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)(de)市場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)體(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)這(zhe)只手來推進(jin)經(jing)(jing)濟結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)(de)調整(zheng)，而不(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)這(zhe)只手直(zhi)接(jie)干(gan)預供(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)、實(shi)現(xian)經(jing)(jing)濟結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)調整(zheng)。也(ye)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)說，“新(xin)基(ji)建”如(ru)果只是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)投資(zi)(zi)(zi)，試圖通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)投資(zi)(zi)(zi)來提(ti)高(gao)經(jing)(jing)濟供(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)質量(liang)，雖然(ran)(ran)這(zhe)可能(neng)會(hui)大幅度(du)拉動投資(zi)(zi)(zi)、擴大內(nei)需，產(chan)(chan)生直(zhi)接(jie)的(de)(de)(de)從(cong)需求側刺(ci)激經(jing)(jing)濟增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)功(gong)能(neng)，但(dan)由于沒(mei)有(you)很好地(di)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)市場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，不(bu)能(neng)認為“新(xin)基(ji)建”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)深化供(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)側結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)性(xing)(xing)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)。“新(xin)基(ji)建”要(yao)(yao)堅(jian)(jian)持(chi)供(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)側結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)性(xing)(xing)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)求“新(xin)基(ji)建”投資(zi)(zi)(zi)與項(xiang)目(mu)更(geng)(geng)(geng)多的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)尊重市場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)規(gui)(gui)律、市場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)發(fa)(fa)生作用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)果，而不(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)選擇性(xing)(xing)產(chan)(chan)業政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策進(jin)行大規(gui)(gui)模投資(zi)(zi)(zi)刺(ci)激作用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)果。“新(xin)基(ji)建”堅(jian)(jian)持(chi)供(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)側結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)性(xing)(xing)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)，本質上是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)對市場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)上熱盼通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)“新(xin)基(ji)建”大規(gui)(gui)模刺(ci)激經(jing)(jing)濟的(de)(de)(de)否定(ding)。雖然(ran)(ran)基(ji)礎(chu)設施(shi)一般具有(you)公共性(xing)(xing)，也(ye)需要(yao)(yao)大量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)資(zi)(zi)(zi)本，這(zhe)需要(yao)(yao)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)的(de)(de)(de)超(chao)前規(gui)(gui)劃和投資(zi)(zi)(zi)，但(dan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)想獲得長(chang)(chang)期(qi)經(jing)(jing)濟效率，基(ji)礎(chu)設施(shi)建設也(ye)必(bi)須(xu)堅(jian)(jian)持(chi)優先和充(chong)分利用(yong)(yong)(yong)市場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)原則。尤(you)其是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)新(xin)型基(ji)礎(chu)設施(shi)與傳統基(ji)礎(chu)設施(shi)具有(you)很大區別，一方面市場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)前景(jing)不(bu)確(que)定(ding)較大，選擇性(xing)(xing)產(chan)(chan)業政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策的(de)(de)(de)適(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)性(xing)(xing)不(bu)高(gao)，另(ling)一方面近些年在市場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)推動下這(zhe)個(ge)領(ling)域已經(jing)(jing)有(you)了很好地(di)發(fa)(fa)展成(cheng)就。因此，“新(xin)基(ji)建”需要(yao)(yao)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)引導，但(dan)切勿過(guo)(guo)度(du)直(zhi)接(jie)介(jie)入。尤(you)其是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在當前新(xin)冠肺炎疫情(qing)沖擊(ji)、宏觀經(jing)(jing)濟目(mu)標實(shi)現(xian)壓力增(zeng)大、地(di)方政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)投資(zi)(zi)(zi)熱情(qing)高(gao)漲的(de)(de)(de)背(bei)景(jing)下，更(geng)(geng)(geng)需要(yao)(yao)對此保持(chi)高(gao)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)清醒(xing)。
總之，中央(yang)提出加快(kuai)“新基建(jian)”，應(ying)該(gai)更多地從促進(jin)我國經(jing)濟高質量發(fa)展角度理(li)解和(he)認識，而(er)積極推進(jin)“新基建(jian)”，不能忘記供(gong)給(gei)側結構性(xing)改革的工作(zuo)主線，要(yao)從優先和(he)充分(fen)利用市場機制入手。
【責任編輯：語謙】