文(wen)章來源:人民日報 發布(bu)時間:2021-07-13
加快推進新一代信息技術和制造業融合發展,提升制造業數字化、網絡化、智能化發展水平,才能進一步加速“制造”向“智造”的轉變
發揮智能科技和制造業深度融合的“化學反應”,新一輪科技革命和產業變革的歷史性交匯,為中國制造業轉型升級提供了歷史性機遇
當前,智(zhi)能(neng)化(hua)(hua)浪潮由(you)線上(shang)向線下奔涌,大(da)數(shu)據(ju)、云(yun)計算、人工智(zhi)能(neng)和5G技術等數(shu)字技術與傳統(tong)產業加(jia)快融合。從智(zhi)能(neng)化(hua)(hua)改造(zao),到搭建工業互聯網平臺(tai),再到建設數(shu)字化(hua)(hua)車(che)間、無人工廠、智(zhi)能(neng)工廠等,智(zhi)能(neng)制造(zao)成為傳統(tong)制造(zao)行業轉型升級的破題(ti)之(zhi)舉,不少地方已展開(kai)一系列的實際(ji)行動(dong)。
加快(kuai)推進智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao),是制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)升(sheng)級的必然路徑(jing),也(ye)是形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)更多新(xin)(xin)的增長點(dian)的有(you)效途(tu)徑(jing)。不久前,中(zhong)央全面(mian)深化(hua)改革委(wei)員會第(di)十四次會議強調(diao),“以智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)為主攻(gong)方向,加快(kuai)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)互聯網(wang)創新(xin)(xin)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan),加快(kuai)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生產方式和(he)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)形(xing)態根本性變(bian)革”。今年的《政府(fu)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)報告》也(ye)明確(que)指出,“發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)互聯網(wang),推進智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)”。這(zhe)反映出,智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)正日益成(cheng)(cheng)為未來制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的重大趨勢(shi)和(he)核(he)心內容,對推動工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)向中(zhong)高端邁進具有(you)重要作(zuo)(zuo)用。加快(kuai)推進新(xin)(xin)一代信息技(ji)術和(he)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)融合發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan),提升(sheng)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)數字化(hua)、網(wang)絡化(hua)、智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)化(hua)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)水平,才(cai)能(neng)進一步加速推動“制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)”向“智(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)”的轉變(bian)。
當前(qian),數字技術開始由消費領(ling)域向生(sheng)產領(ling)域、由虛(xu)擬經(jing)濟向實體經(jing)濟延伸,正在(zai)(zai)重新(xin)(xin)定義生(sheng)產鏈條(tiao),自動化、數字化和(he)智(zhi)能(neng)化的新(xin)(xin)制(zhi)造呼之欲出(chu)。在(zai)(zai)數字化車(che)間,生(sheng)產鏈條(tiao)的各(ge)個環節進行積極的交互、協作與賦(fu)能(neng),提高生(sheng)產效率;在(zai)(zai)智(zhi)能(neng)化生(sheng)產線上(shang),產業(ye)工(gong)人(ren)(ren)與工(gong)業(ye)機(ji)器(qi)人(ren)(ren)并肩工(gong)作,形(xing)成了人(ren)(ren)機(ji)協同的共生(sheng)生(sheng)態(tai);而(er)通過3D打(da)(da)印這一(yi)變革性(xing)技術,零部件可以按個性(xing)化定制(zhi)的形(xing)狀打(da)(da)印出(chu)來……軟件更加智(zhi)能(neng),機(ji)器(qi)人(ren)(ren)更加靈巧(qiao),生(sheng)產線更加“聰明”,網(wang)絡服務(wu)更加便捷,生(sheng)產方式(shi)不斷優(you)化,上(shang)下游資源加速整合(he)。新(xin)(xin)一(yi)輪科技革命和(he)產業(ye)變革的歷史性(xing)交匯,為(wei)中國制(zhi)造業(ye)轉型升級(ji)提供了歷史性(xing)機(ji)遇。
智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)重在(zai)發(fa)揮智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)科技(ji)(ji)和(he)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)業(ye)深度融合的(de)(de)(de)(de)“化(hua)(hua)學(xue)反(fan)應”。工(gong)(gong)業(ye)互(hu)聯網(wang)作為新(xin)型(xing)基礎(chu)設施(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)內容,可(ke)通過實(shi)現人(ren)(ren)、機、物的(de)(de)(de)(de)全面互(hu)聯,打(da)通從研發(fa)到(dao)市場(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)全價值鏈。尤其是實(shi)現智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)過程中,人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)等(deng)新(xin)技(ji)(ji)術融入(ru)先進制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)技(ji)(ji)術后,可(ke)實(shi)現從產(chan)(chan)品(pin)設計(ji)到(dao)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)調(diao)度、故(gu)障診斷(duan)等(deng)各個(ge)環(huan)節的(de)(de)(de)(de)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)驅動,在(zai)提(ti)高(gao)效(xiao)率、降低成(cheng)本同時實(shi)現個(ge)性化(hua)(hua)、定制(zhi)(zhi)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao),從而提(ti)升產(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)科技(ji)(ji)溢(yi)價。山(shan)東青島的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)份調(diao)查顯(xian)示(shi),智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)改造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)后,企業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)平均(jun)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)效(xiao)率提(ti)升20%以上、運營成(cheng)本降低20%左右、產(chan)(chan)品(pin)研制(zhi)(zhi)周期縮短(duan)35%左右;江蘇常州的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)項抽樣調(diao)查也(ye)顯(xian)示(shi),當地企業(ye)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)改造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)后,智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)車間產(chan)(chan)值提(ti)高(gao)約(yue)70%,單位(wei)產(chan)(chan)值成(cheng)本下降約(yue)20%。而智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)全面深入(ru),還會催生(sheng)數(shu)字制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)、智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)、服(fu)務型(xing)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)等(deng)新(xin)型(xing)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)模式,增強產(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)市場(chang)競爭力。
智能(neng)(neng)化的(de)(de)意(yi)義不僅在(zai)于(yu)優化生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)和(he)(he)供給(gei),更在(zai)于(yu)能(neng)(neng)夠借助大數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)與算(suan)法(fa)成(cheng)功實現(xian)(xian)供給(gei)與需求的(de)(de)精準對接,從而(er)實現(xian)(xian)個性化定制(zhi)和(he)(he)流水(shui)線(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)有(you)機結合(he)。一些老字號品牌通過(guo)消費端數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)分析,制(zhi)造出更適合(he)年(nian)輕人偏好的(de)(de)產(chan)品,能(neng)(neng)讓老品牌獲得(de)新(xin)生(sheng)(sheng)。一些制(zhi)衣(yi)企(qi)業利(li)用大數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)技(ji)術,存儲了個性化定制(zhi)西裝(zhuang)的(de)(de)所有(you)信息,包括衣(yi)服每(mei)個部位的(de)(de)尺碼、選擇(ze)的(de)(de)材料、縫制(zhi)時需要的(de)(de)工(gong)藝等,使(shi)得(de)一條生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)線(xian)上可以生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)款式(shi)、面料、風格、尺寸等細(xi)節各不相(xiang)同(tong)的(de)(de)西裝(zhuang)。通過(guo)大數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)和(he)(he)云計算(suan)分析,可以把(ba)線(xian)上消費端數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)和(he)(he)線(xian)下生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)端數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)打通,運用消費端的(de)(de)大數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)逆向優化生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)端的(de)(de)產(chan)品制(zhi)造,為制(zhi)造業轉型升(sheng)級提供了新(xin)路(lu)徑(jing)。
隨(sui)著(zhu)新(xin)基(ji)建的(de)加(jia)(jia)快推進,智能(neng)(neng)制(zhi)造迎來了更好的(de)發展良機(ji)。5G基(ji)站(zhan)以每周1萬多個的(de)數(shu)量增長,多家(jia)龍(long)頭企業(ye)(ye)搭建的(de)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)互聯網(wang)幫助中小企業(ye)(ye)加(jia)(jia)入(ru)智能(neng)(neng)化大軍(jun)……通過政府、企業(ye)(ye)等各方形成合力,持續深(shen)入(ru)推進智能(neng)(neng)制(zhi)造,將(jiang)會讓更多的(de)制(zhi)造企業(ye)(ye)受益(yi),并(bing)為產業(ye)(ye)轉(zhuan)型升級(ji)和經濟高(gao)質量發展釋放更多新(xin)動能(neng)(neng)。(余(yu)建斌)
【責任編輯:語謙】