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電(dian)(dian)網作為(wei)國民經(jing)濟發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)基礎性(xing)設施，擔(dan)負著保障(zhang)全(quan)社(she)會電(dian)(dian)力供應、推動經(jing)濟發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)重任。中(zhong)共中(zhong)央、國務院2015年印發(fa)的(de)(de)《關(guan)于(yu)進一步深化(hua)電(dian)(dian)力體制(zhi)改(gai)革的(de)(de)若干意(yi)見》明確(que)了管住中(zhong)間、放(fang)開(kai)(kai)(kai)兩頭(tou)的(de)(de)體制(zhi)構(gou)架。管住中(zhong)間是指對(dui)具(ju)有自然壟斷屬性(xing)的(de)(de)輸配電(dian)(dian)網環節加強(qiang)政(zheng)府監管、實(shi)行(xing)政(zheng)府定價，確(que)保電(dian)(dian)網公平開(kai)(kai)(kai)放(fang)、市場公平交易，并更好地實(shi)現電(dian)(dian)網科學(xue)規劃，充分發(fa)揮(hui)電(dian)(dian)網規模效益，提(ti)高管理(li)效率。放(fang)開(kai)(kai)(kai)兩頭(tou)是指在(zai)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)側和(he)售(shou)電(dian)(dian)側實(shi)行(xing)市場開(kai)(kai)(kai)放(fang)準(zhun)入(ru)，引入(ru)競爭，放(fang)開(kai)(kai)(kai)用戶選擇權，價格(ge)由市場形(xing)成，充分發(fa)揮(hui)市場在(zai)資(zi)源配置中(zhong)的(de)(de)決定性(xing)作用，更好發(fa)揮(hui)政(zheng)府作用。

管(guan)住中(zhong)間、放開兩(liang)頭的(de)體制(zhi)(zhi)構架符(fu)合國(guo)際電力(li)(li)(li)市(shi)場化改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)革的(de)基本(ben)趨勢，符(fu)合我(wo)國(guo)基本(ben)國(guo)情和發(fa)(fa)展階段要求，也是(shi)在電力(li)(li)(li)行(xing)(xing)業協同(tong)發(fa)(fa)揮政府和市(shi)場作用的(de)最(zui)佳方式(shi)。對(dui)具有自然(ran)壟斷(duan)屬(shu)性(xing)的(de)電網環(huan)節(jie)加強監管(guan)，與發(fa)(fa)、售兩(liang)側的(de)市(shi)場化改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)革相輔相成(cheng)，可以(yi)進一(yi)步釋放電力(li)(li)(li)體制(zhi)(zhi)改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)革紅利，增強行(xing)(xing)業變革的(de)持久動(dong)力(li)(li)(li)，促進電力(li)(li)(li)行(xing)(xing)業高質量發(fa)(fa)展。同(tong)時(shi)要看到(dao)，我(wo)國(guo)電力(li)(li)(li)體制(zhi)(zhi)改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)革仍(reng)存在一(yi)些短板，其中(zhong)一(yi)個短板是(shi)對(dui)電網投(tou)資(zi)監管(guan)相對(dui)薄(bo)弱。進一(yi)步深(shen)化電力(li)(li)(li)體制(zhi)(zhi)改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)革，需要在穩步推進發(fa)(fa)、售兩(liang)側市(shi)場化改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)革的(de)同(tong)時(shi)，健全和完(wan)善對(dui)具有自然(ran)壟斷(duan)屬(shu)性(xing)的(de)中(zhong)間環(huan)節(jie)的(de)監管(guan)，尤其是(shi)提升政府對(dui)電網投(tou)資(zi)行(xing)(xing)為監管(guan)的(de)能力(li)(li)(li)與水平，保(bao)障我(wo)國(guo)電網投(tou)資(zi)的(de)科學性(xing)與高效性(xing)，促進行(xing)(xing)業健康發(fa)(fa)展，更好服務新時(shi)代(dai)我(wo)國(guo)經(jing)濟高質量發(fa)(fa)展。

加強(qiang)電(dian)網投(tou)資監(jian)管(guan)(guan)，要(yao)求構建(jian)方(fang)(fang)法科學、機制(zhi)成熟、行之有效(xiao)的(de)監(jian)管(guan)(guan)體系(xi)，充分發(fa)揮政府監(jian)管(guan)(guan)的(de)重要(yao)作用(yong)，更好控制(zhi)電(dian)網投(tou)資成本，提高電(dian)網投(tou)資效(xiao)率(lv)，保(bao)障電(dian)力安(an)全可靠運行。在電(dian)網投(tou)資方(fang)(fang)面全方(fang)(fang)位(wei)提升(sheng)政府監(jian)管(guan)(guan)能力，讓監(jian)管(guan)(guan)落(luo)到實處、取得(de)實效(xiao)，需要(yao)在以(yi)下三個(ge)方(fang)(fang)面努力：

依法(fa)(fa)監(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)。依法(fa)(fa)監(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)是規(gui)(gui)范監(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)行(xing)為(wei)、提高監(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)水平(ping)，保(bao)證(zheng)執法(fa)(fa)有力、裁(cai)決有方(fang)的(de)基(ji)礎。一(yi)方(fang)面做到監(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)“有法(fa)(fa)可依”，加快修訂與完善以(yi)電(dian)力法(fa)(fa)為(wei)主的(de)法(fa)(fa)律法(fa)(fa)規(gui)(gui)體系，明確監(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)機構的(de)法(fa)(fa)定(ding)權力與職責(ze)，規(gui)(gui)定(ding)政(zheng)府部(bu)門監(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)電(dian)網投資行(xing)為(wei)的(de)總體目標(biao)和基(ji)本內容，實現“監(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)有據”；另(ling)一(yi)方(fang)面做到監(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)“有法(fa)(fa)必依”，認真履行(xing)法(fa)(fa)律明確規(gui)(gui)定(ding)的(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)職責(ze)，做到“不(bu)缺位”。

科學(xue)監(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。將科學(xue)理(li)論與(yu)行業(ye)發(fa)展緊密結合，科學(xue)確定監(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)內容與(yu)監(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)方法。在監(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)內容上，統籌電網(wang)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)行為(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)各(ge)個(ge)環節，兼顧電網(wang)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)行為(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)雙重(zhong)屬性，保障電網(wang)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)從規(gui)劃(hua)設計到(dao)投(tou)(tou)產運營全鏈條規(gui)范有(you)序，實現經(jing)濟性監(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)與(yu)社會(hui)性監(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)雙管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)齊下(xia)。在保障電網(wang)做好行業(ye)與(yu)社會(hui)服務的(de)(de)(de)同時，允許企業(ye)獲(huo)取經(jing)營發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)合理(li)收益。在監(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)方法上，牢牢抓住電網(wang)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)行為(wei)(wei)監(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)關鍵點，建立一套能夠客觀、準(zhun)確、有(you)效評估(gu)電網(wang)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)行為(wei)(wei)合規(gui)性的(de)(de)(de)監(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)指標體系(xi)與(yu)判斷(duan)標準(zhun)，為(wei)(wei)開展監(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)工(gong)作選好參照物(wu)、找(zhao)準(zhun)關鍵點。

高效(xiao)(xiao)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)。創新監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)方式、提高監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)效(xiao)(xiao)率與效(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)，是落實(shi)政府有(you)關部(bu)門(men)(men)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網投(tou)資監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)職能的(de)一(yi)項重要任務。一(yi)是培養具有(you)專業(ye)素養的(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)隊伍(wu)，提升(sheng)自身(shen)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)能力，滿足(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網投(tou)資監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)任務量(liang)大(da)、專業(ye)性強(qiang)的(de)實(shi)際(ji)需求。二是加(jia)強(qiang)與行業(ye)內(nei)第三(san)方機構合作，發揮其專業(ye)優勢，客觀、全面評價企業(ye)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網投(tou)資行為，幫(bang)助(zhu)政府部(bu)門(men)(men)找到電(dian)(dian)(dian)網投(tou)資的(de)“癥結”，讓監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)“對癥下(xia)藥”。三(san)是用好大(da)數據(ju)、互聯網技術，搭建政企間的(de)信(xin)息化(hua)平臺，為監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)部(bu)門(men)(men)提供有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)數據(ju)支撐，依托智慧監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)實(shi)現高效(xiao)(xiao)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)。（李(li)彥(yan)斌(bin)）

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