文(wen)章來源：學習時(shi)報 發(fa)布時(shi)間(jian)：2021-03-24
如果把5G網絡、人工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)、工(gong)(gong)業(ye)互聯(lian)網、物(wu)聯(lian)網、數據(ju)中心等新(xin)(xin)(xin)一(yi)(yi)代信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)基(ji)礎(chu)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)界定為新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)基(ji)礎(chu)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)，那么新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)基(ji)礎(chu)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)（以下簡稱“新(xin)(xin)(xin)基(ji)建(jian)”）并(bing)非一(yi)(yi)個全(quan)新(xin)(xin)(xin)的事物(wu)。2018年(nian)(nian)中央經(jing)濟(ji)工(gong)(gong)作會(hui)議提出：要促(cu)(cu)進形成(cheng)強大(da)國內市(shi)場(chang)(chang)，我國發展現階段投(tou)資(zi)(zi)需求(qiu)潛(qian)力仍然巨大(da)，要發揮投(tou)資(zi)(zi)關鍵作用(yong)，加(jia)(jia)(jia)快5G商用(yong)步伐，加(jia)(jia)(jia)強人工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)、工(gong)(gong)業(ye)互聯(lian)網、物(wu)聯(lian)網等新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)基(ji)礎(chu)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)。隨后，在(zai)2019年(nian)(nian)的政府工(gong)(gong)作報告中提出加(jia)(jia)(jia)強新(xin)(xin)(xin)一(yi)(yi)代信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)基(ji)礎(chu)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)。2019年(nian)(nian)7月30日中央政治局會(hui)議針對下半(ban)年(nian)(nian)經(jing)濟(ji)工(gong)(gong)作再次強調，要加(jia)(jia)(jia)快推進信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)網絡等新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)基(ji)礎(chu)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)。甚至，可(ke)以把“新(xin)(xin)(xin)基(ji)建(jian)”上溯到2008年(nian)(nian)國際金融(rong)危機，當時全(quan)球為了應對國際金融(rong)危機努力尋求(qiu)新(xin)(xin)(xin)的經(jing)濟(ji)增長點(dian)，這極(ji)大(da)促(cu)(cu)進了新(xin)(xin)(xin)一(yi)(yi)輪科(ke)技(ji)和產(chan)業(ye)革命加(jia)(jia)(jia)速拓(tuo)展，自此以后上述所謂(wei)新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)基(ji)礎(chu)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)直是全(quan)球投(tou)資(zi)(zi)和資(zi)(zi)本市(shi)場(chang)(chang)追逐的方向。
在(zai)新冠(guan)肺炎疫情沖(chong)擊下，近期中央多次會議反復提及加快“新基(ji)(ji)建(jian)(jian)”，市場也在(zai)高度(du)關注“新基(ji)(ji)建(jian)(jian)”這個熱點，有人將(jiang)其(qi)作為新的(de)(de)(de)“刺激計劃”。的(de)(de)(de)確，加快“新基(ji)(ji)建(jian)(jian)”有擴大(da)內(nei)需、保(bao)證2020年經濟增(zeng)長目標(biao)實(shi)現這方面的(de)(de)(de)功能(neng)(neng)，但是，“新基(ji)(ji)建(jian)(jian)”并不新，實(shi)際上(shang)更是上(shang)述(shu)政策的(de)(de)(de)持續。科學(xue)的(de)(de)(de)態(tai)度(du)是要(yao)把“新基(ji)(ji)建(jian)(jian)”內(nei)嵌于(yu)我國高質(zhi)量(liang)發(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)需要(yao)，使其(qi)客觀上(shang)發(fa)(fa)揮了擴大(da)內(nei)需、促(cu)進增(zeng)長的(de)(de)(de)作用。具體而言(yan)，新型基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設施(shi)應該理解為新型工業化、新型城鎮化、現代化經濟體系的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設施(shi)，“新基(ji)(ji)建(jian)(jian)”要(yao)能(neng)(neng)夠服務(wu)于(yu)高質(zhi)量(liang)工業化、高質(zhi)量(liang)城鎮化戰略(lve)，要(yao)能(neng)(neng)夠堅持供給(gei)側(ce)結構性改革，這才能(neng)(neng)真正服務(wu)于(yu)我國經濟高質(zhi)量(liang)發(fa)(fa)展，避免回到“大(da)水漫(man)灌”的(de)(de)(de)老路。
新型基礎設施應是新型工業化的基礎設施，支撐高質量工業化戰略
當前(qian)資(zi)本市場上流行觀點認為新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)主要(yao)包括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)七大領域：5G基(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)、特(te)高(gao)壓（電(dian)力物聯網）、高(gao)鐵(tie)（軌道(dao)交通(tong)）、充電(dian)樁（新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源汽車）、數(shu)據中心（云計算）、人工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)、工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)互(hu)聯網，在此(ci)之前(qian)，一(yi)些(xie)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術研究(jiu)機構將新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)定義為融合感知、傳(chuan)輸(shu)、存儲(chu)、計算、處(chu)理為一(yi)體的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)一(yi)代智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。實(shi)際上，這些(xie)界定雖然(ran)比(bi)較(jiao)具體，但內(nei)涵(han)(han)還(huan)過于狹(xia)窄，無法真正(zheng)詮釋新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)“新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)”的(de)(de)(de)全部內(nei)涵(han)(han)。“新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)”應(ying)是(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)“傳(chuan)統(tong)”相(xiang)對應(ying)，新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)應(ying)該對應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)傳(chuan)統(tong)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，而傳(chuan)統(tong)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)般(ban)就是(shi)(shi)我們所(suo)理解(jie)的(de)(de)(de)鐵(tie)路、公路、機場、港口(kou)城市設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)等(deng)傳(chuan)統(tong)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，基(ji)(ji)(ji)本上是(shi)(shi)基(ji)(ji)(ji)于上一(yi)輪工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)革(ge)命(ming)的(de)(de)(de)機械(xie)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術、電(dian)氣技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術、通(tong)信(xin)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術等(deng)應(ying)用的(de)(de)(de)結果。新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)則(ze)是(shi)(shi)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，所(suo)謂新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)則(ze)是(shi)(shi)在傳(chuan)統(tong)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)上疊(die)加了信(xin)息(xi)(xi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)、數(shu)字化(hua)(hua)(hua)、網絡化(hua)(hua)(hua)、智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)、綠(lv)色(se)化(hua)(hua)(hua)等(deng)要(yao)求，是(shi)(shi)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)一(yi)輪科技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)革(ge)命(ming)的(de)(de)(de)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術、智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術、新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術等(deng)產生和(he)(he)應(ying)用的(de)(de)(de)結果，新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)既包括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)一(yi)代智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，也包括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)傳(chuan)統(tong)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)、智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)、綠(lv)色(se)化(hua)(hua)(hua)改造后的(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。因此(ci)，新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)應(ying)該是(shi)(shi)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，不(bu)僅包括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)一(yi)代智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，而且還(huan)應(ying)包括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)與綠(lv)色(se)化(hua)(hua)(hua)相(xiang)關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)各類基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)；不(bu)僅包括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)上述七大領域，還(huan)應(ying)包括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)支撐(cheng)不(bu)斷深化(hua)(hua)(hua)拓展的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)一(yi)輪科技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)革(ge)命(ming)的(de)(de)(de)各種基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。
由于(yu)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)是(shi)后(hou)(hou)發(fa)現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家，中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)道(dao)(dao)(dao)路(lu)(lu)并不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)傳(chuan)統的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)道(dao)(dao)(dao)路(lu)(lu)，而是(shi)融合了信(xin)息化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、綠色化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)等要求的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)型工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)道(dao)(dao)(dao)路(lu)(lu)。在新(xin)(xin)型工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)道(dao)(dao)(dao)路(lu)(lu)上我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)快速(su)推進(jin)(jin)了工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)進(jin)(jin)程(cheng)，基(ji)于(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)理(li)論測(ce)評，中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)進(jin)(jin)程(cheng)已經(jing)步入(ru)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)后(hou)(hou)期(qi)。但是(shi)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)進(jin)(jin)程(cheng)還(huan)(huan)存(cun)在不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)充(chong)(chong)分(fen)(fen)問(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)還(huan)(huan)亟(ji)待提升(sheng)。一(yi)(yi)是(shi)各區(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)進(jin)(jin)程(cheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)，一(yi)(yi)些區(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)水平(ping)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)充(chong)(chong)分(fen)(fen)。上海、北京、廣東(dong)、浙江、江蘇等已經(jing)步入(ru)到后(hou)(hou)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)階段，但仍有相當(dang)數量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)西(xi)部省(sheng)份(fen)基(ji)本還(huan)(huan)處于(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)中(zhong)期(qi)。二是(shi)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)結構不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)，創新(xin)(xin)能(neng)力和高(gao)端產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)充(chong)(chong)分(fen)(fen)，鋼鐵、石(shi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、建(jian)(jian)材等行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)低水平(ping)產(chan)(chan)能(neng)過剩問(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)突出(chu)并長(chang)期(qi)存(cun)在，而高(gao)端產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)夠和產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)價值鏈(lian)高(gao)端環節(jie)占有不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足，自主(zhu)創新(xin)(xin)能(neng)力還(huan)(huan)有待提升(sheng)。三是(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)速(su)度與資源環境承載(zai)力不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)，綠色經(jing)濟發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)充(chong)(chong)分(fen)(fen)，14億人(ren)口(kou)的(de)(de)(de)快速(su)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)進(jin)(jin)程(cheng)，給資源環境的(de)(de)(de)承載(zai)提出(chu)了極大挑戰(zhan)。黨的(de)(de)(de)十九大報(bao)告(gao)提出(chu)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)經(jing)濟已由高(gao)速(su)增長(chang)階段轉(zhuan)向(xiang)高(gao)質(zhi)量(liang)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)階段，而經(jing)濟高(gao)質(zhi)量(liang)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)是(shi)在新(xin)(xin)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)理(li)念(nian)指導(dao)下(xia)針(zhen)對發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)充(chong)(chong)分(fen)(fen)問(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)濟發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，與此(ci)相適應，我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)新(xin)(xin)型工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)道(dao)(dao)(dao)路(lu)(lu)也需要從(cong)高(gao)速(su)度工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)戰(zhan)略轉(zhuan)向(xiang)高(gao)質(zhi)量(liang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)戰(zhan)略，針(zhen)對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)進(jin)(jin)程(cheng)中(zhong)存(cun)在的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)充(chong)(chong)分(fen)(fen)問(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)，積(ji)極推進(jin)(jin)高(gao)質(zhi)量(liang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)戰(zhan)略。因此(ci)，“新(xin)(xin)基(ji)建(jian)(jian)”需要支撐(cheng)高(gao)質(zhi)量(liang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)戰(zhan)略，針(zhen)對上述(shu)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)、產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)和綠色發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)等方面(mian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)充(chong)(chong)分(fen)(fen)問(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)進(jin)(jin)行新(xin)(xin)型基(ji)礎設施的(de)(de)(de)項目選擇、融資投(tou)資、布局(ju)選址等一(yi)(yi)系(xi)列(lie)建(jian)(jian)設決(jue)策(ce)。這(zhe)意味著“新(xin)(xin)基(ji)建(jian)(jian)”絕不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)僅僅是(shi)今年(nian)短期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)濟增長(chang)問(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)，而是(shi)“十四五”規(gui)劃乃至我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)全面(mian)建(jian)(jian)設社(she)會主(zhu)義現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)強國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)重大問(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)。
新型基礎設施應是新型城鎮化的基礎設施，支撐高質量城鎮化戰略
伴隨著工(gong)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)進(jin)(jin)程(cheng)(cheng)，城(cheng)(cheng)鎮化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)進(jin)(jin)程(cheng)(cheng)會(hui)不(bu)斷推進(jin)(jin)，這(zhe)是一個(ge)現代化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)普(pu)遍規律(lv)。隨著我國新(xin)型(xing)(xing)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)進(jin)(jin)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)深(shen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，我國也(ye)開始不(bu)斷推進(jin)(jin)新(xin)型(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)鎮化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，2014年3月，中(zhong)共中(zhong)央、國務院印發(fa)(fa)《國家新(xin)型(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)鎮化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)規劃（2014—2020年）》，明(ming)確指出緊緊圍(wei)繞全(quan)面提高城(cheng)(cheng)鎮化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)質量(liang)，走以(yi)人為(wei)本、“四(si)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)同步(bu)”、優化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)布局、生態文(wen)明(ming)、文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)傳承(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)國特色(se)新(xin)型(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)鎮化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)道路。城(cheng)(cheng)鎮發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)需要(yao)大量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)間和城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)，城(cheng)(cheng)鎮化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)需要(yao)大量(liang)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)建設(she)，新(xin)型(xing)(xing)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)也(ye)應(ying)該(gai)與(yu)新(xin)型(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)鎮化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)要(yao)求相適應(ying)。經濟高質量(liang)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)要(yao)求“四(si)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)同步(bu)”發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，也(ye)就(jiu)是新(xin)型(xing)(xing)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)與(yu)信(xin)息化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)深(shen)度融合(he)，而新(xin)型(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)鎮化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)要(yao)與(yu)新(xin)型(xing)(xing)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)良性(xing)互動(dong)，城(cheng)(cheng)鎮化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)與(yu)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)現代化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)相協(xie)調(diao)。從更廣(guang)泛(fan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)意義上看(kan)，新(xin)型(xing)(xing)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)應(ying)該(gai)是“四(si)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)同步(bu)”發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)，不(bu)僅僅要(yao)滿足(zu)新(xin)型(xing)(xing)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)與(yu)信(xin)息化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)深(shen)度融合(he)要(yao)求，還要(yao)滿足(zu)城(cheng)(cheng)鎮化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)與(yu)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)良性(xing)互動(dong)、與(yu)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)現代化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)協(xie)調(diao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求。
具體(ti)(ti)(ti)而言，新型(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)可以體(ti)(ti)(ti)現為(wei)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)智慧城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)、綠(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)、森(sen)林城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)、海綿城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)、人文(wen)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)、宜(yi)居城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)等(deng)一系列(lie)類型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)現代(dai)化(hua)(hua)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)，還(huan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)現在(zai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)群(qun)、大都(dou)(dou)(dou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)圈(quan)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)，這(zhe)些要(yao)求(qiu)也(ye)是(shi)(shi)高質量城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)(hua)戰略的(de)(de)(de)目標，“新基(ji)建(jian)”就是(shi)(shi)要(yao)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)符合(he)現代(dai)化(hua)(hua)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)、城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)群(qun)和(he)都(dou)(dou)(dou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)圈(quan)要(yao)求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施。要(yao)支撐高質量城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)(hua)戰略，“新基(ji)建(jian)”一方面(mian)布局(ju)全新的(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)化(hua)(hua)、智能化(hua)(hua)、綠(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施，如新一代(dai)智能信(xin)(xin)息(xi)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)絡，包(bao)(bao)括F5G（千(qian)兆光纖(xian)寬帶）、5G、物(wu)聯網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)、云計算、邊(bian)緣計算、新型(xing)互(hu)聯網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)交(jiao)換中心(xin)等(deng)；另一方面(mian)利用(yong)新一代(dai)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)技術和(he)綠(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)技術與交(jiao)通運輸(shu)、能源水利、市(shi)(shi)(shi)政、環保、公共(gong)衛(wei)生(sheng)等(deng)傳(chuan)統城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施進行(xing)融(rong)合(he)，對(dui)傳(chuan)統城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施進行(xing)數字化(hua)(hua)、網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)絡化(hua)(hua)、智能化(hua)(hua)、綠(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)化(hua)(hua)升級而建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)形(xing)成的(de)(de)(de)新基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施。例如，通過信(xin)(xin)息(xi)技術與傳(chuan)統基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施的(de)(de)(de)深度融(rong)合(he)，形(xing)成工業物(wu)聯網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)、車(che)聯網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)、電力物(wu)聯網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)、城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)感知(zhi)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施、智能化(hua)(hua)市(shi)(shi)(shi)政等(deng)。高質量城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)(hua)戰略，不僅包(bao)(bao)括單(dan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，還(huan)包(bao)(bao)括建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)群(qun)、都(dou)(dou)(dou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)圈(quan)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，我國經(jing)濟發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)空間(jian)(jian)結構正在(zai)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)深刻變(bian)化(hua)(hua)，中心(xin)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)群(qun)正在(zai)成為(wei)承(cheng)載發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)要(yao)素(su)的(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)空間(jian)(jian)形(xing)式。未來(lai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)群(qun)和(he)都(dou)(dou)(dou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)圈(quan)的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)需求(qiu)量很大，這(zhe)既(ji)包(bao)(bao)括城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)群(qun)的(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)高速、便捷、綠(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)、智能的(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)通基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)，還(huan)包(bao)(bao)括都(dou)(dou)(dou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)圈(quan)中城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)郊(jiao)區、中心(xin)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)衛(wei)星城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)交(jiao)通、信(xin)(xin)息(xi)等(deng)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施以及(ji)各類公共(gong)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施。總(zong)之(zhi)，支撐新型(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)(hua)戰略，將是(shi)(shi)“新基(ji)建(jian)”的(de)(de)(de)一個主戰場(chang)。
新型基礎設施應是現代化經濟體系的基礎設施，堅持供給側結構性改革
我國經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)從(cong)(cong)高(gao)速(su)增長轉(zhuan)向(xiang)高(gao)質量(liang)發展(zhan)，相(xiang)應的(de)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)也需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)從(cong)(cong)傳統經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)轉(zhuan)向(xiang)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)，建(jian)設(she)(she)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)是(shi)高(gao)質量(liang)發展(zhan)的(de)必然要(yao)(yao)(yao)求。現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)必然需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)的(de)基礎(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)，信息化(hua)、智(zhi)能(neng)化(hua)、綠色(se)化(hua)都是(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)的(de)方向(xiang)和要(yao)(yao)(yao)求，因此(ci)，新型基礎(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)是(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)基礎(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)，構(gou)成了(le)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)基礎(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)。制約傳統經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)轉(zhuan)向(xiang)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)關鍵矛盾在于供給(gei)(gei)側(ce)質量(liang)不高(gao)，建(jian)設(she)(she)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)提(ti)高(gao)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)供給(gei)(gei)質量(liang)，需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)破(po)除無(wu)效供給(gei)(gei)、提(ti)高(gao)有效供給(gei)(gei)，以(yi)更好地滿足需(xu)(xu)求，也就是(shi)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)推進(jin)(jin)供給(gei)(gei)側(ce)結(jie)構(gou)性改革。同樣(yang)，建(jian)設(she)(she)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)，需(xu)(xu)通過(guo)“新基建(jian)”進(jin)(jin)行基礎(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)創新，從(cong)(cong)而提(ti)高(gao)基礎(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)供給(gei)(gei)質量(liang)，促進(jin)(jin)數字經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)、智(zhi)能(neng)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)和綠色(se)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)的(de)發展(zhan)，進(jin)(jin)而推進(jin)(jin)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)轉(zhuan)型升級(ji)，從(cong)(cong)而實(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)供給(gei)(gei)側(ce)結(jie)構(gou)性改革的(de)目標。
但(dan)是(shi)，加快“新基(ji)(ji)建(jian)”并不(bu)(bu)必然(ran)就(jiu)是(shi)推進(jin)(jin)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)側結(jie)(jie)構(gou)性改(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)。2015年(nian)以(yi)來，供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)側結(jie)(jie)構(gou)性改(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)成(cheng)為我國經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)工作主線。供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)側結(jie)(jie)構(gou)性改(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)，旨在以(yi)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)體制(zhi)(zhi)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)辦法推進(jin)(jin)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)調(diao)整、提(ti)高(gao)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)質量，以(yi)更好(hao)(hao)地(di)滿足需(xu)求，進(jin)(jin)而實現經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)平穩健康(kang)發展。供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)側結(jie)(jie)構(gou)性改(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)本質要(yao)(yao)求是(shi)深(shen)化市(shi)場(chang)化改(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)、完善(shan)市(shi)場(chang)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)體制(zhi)(zhi)，通過(guo)(guo)更加完善(shan)的(de)(de)(de)市(shi)場(chang)體制(zhi)(zhi)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)這(zhe)只(zhi)(zhi)手來推進(jin)(jin)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)調(diao)整，而不(bu)(bu)是(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)這(zhe)只(zhi)(zhi)手直(zhi)接(jie)干預(yu)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)、實現經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)調(diao)整。也(ye)就(jiu)是(shi)說，“新基(ji)(ji)建(jian)”如果(guo)只(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)投資，試圖通過(guo)(guo)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)投資來提(ti)高(gao)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)質量，雖(sui)然(ran)這(zhe)可能(neng)會大(da)(da)幅度拉動投資、擴大(da)(da)內需(xu)，產(chan)生直(zhi)接(jie)的(de)(de)(de)從需(xu)求側刺(ci)激經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)增長的(de)(de)(de)功能(neng)，但(dan)由于(yu)沒(mei)有很好(hao)(hao)地(di)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)市(shi)場(chang)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)，不(bu)(bu)能(neng)認為“新基(ji)(ji)建(jian)”是(shi)深(shen)化供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)側結(jie)(jie)構(gou)性改(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)。“新基(ji)(ji)建(jian)”要(yao)(yao)堅(jian)(jian)持(chi)(chi)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)側結(jie)(jie)構(gou)性改(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)，是(shi)要(yao)(yao)求“新基(ji)(ji)建(jian)”投資與項目更多的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)尊重市(shi)場(chang)規(gui)(gui)律、市(shi)場(chang)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)發生作用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)，而不(bu)(bu)是(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)通過(guo)(guo)選擇性產(chan)業(ye)政(zheng)(zheng)策進(jin)(jin)行大(da)(da)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)投資刺(ci)激作用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)。“新基(ji)(ji)建(jian)”堅(jian)(jian)持(chi)(chi)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)側結(jie)(jie)構(gou)性改(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)，本質上是(shi)對市(shi)場(chang)上熱(re)(re)盼通過(guo)(guo)“新基(ji)(ji)建(jian)”大(da)(da)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)刺(ci)激經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)否定(ding)。雖(sui)然(ran)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設施(shi)一(yi)般(ban)具(ju)有公共性，也(ye)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)大(da)(da)量的(de)(de)(de)資本，這(zhe)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)的(de)(de)(de)超前(qian)規(gui)(gui)劃和投資，但(dan)是(shi)要(yao)(yao)想獲得長期(qi)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)效率，基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設施(shi)建(jian)設也(ye)必須(xu)堅(jian)(jian)持(chi)(chi)優先和充分利用(yong)(yong)(yong)市(shi)場(chang)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)原則。尤其是(shi)新型基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設施(shi)與傳統基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設施(shi)具(ju)有很大(da)(da)區別，一(yi)方面市(shi)場(chang)前(qian)景不(bu)(bu)確(que)定(ding)較(jiao)大(da)(da)，選擇性產(chan)業(ye)政(zheng)(zheng)策的(de)(de)(de)適用(yong)(yong)(yong)性不(bu)(bu)高(gao)，另一(yi)方面近些年(nian)在市(shi)場(chang)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)推動下這(zhe)個領域已經(jing)有了(le)很好(hao)(hao)地(di)發展成(cheng)就(jiu)。因(yin)此，“新基(ji)(ji)建(jian)”需(xu)要(yao)(yao)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)引導，但(dan)切勿過(guo)(guo)度直(zhi)接(jie)介入。尤其是(shi)在當(dang)前(qian)新冠肺炎疫情沖擊、宏觀經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)目標實現壓力增大(da)(da)、地(di)方政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)投資熱(re)(re)情高(gao)漲的(de)(de)(de)背景下，更需(xu)要(yao)(yao)對此保持(chi)(chi)高(gao)度的(de)(de)(de)清醒。
總之，中(zhong)央提(ti)出(chu)加快“新基建(jian)”，應(ying)該更多地從促進(jin)(jin)我國經(jing)濟高質量(liang)發展角(jiao)度理解和(he)認識，而積極推進(jin)(jin)“新基建(jian)”，不能忘(wang)記供(gong)給側結構性(xing)改(gai)革的(de)工作主(zhu)線，要從優先和(he)充分(fen)利用市場機制入(ru)手。 （黃群(qun)慧）
【責任編輯：語謙】