文章(zhang)來(lai)源：學(xue)習時報 發布時間：2021-03-20
如果把5G網(wang)絡(luo)、人(ren)工智能、工業互(hu)聯網(wang)、物聯網(wang)、數據中心等新(xin)(xin)一(yi)代(dai)信(xin)息(xi)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)界定為新(xin)(xin)型(xing)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)，那么新(xin)(xin)型(xing)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)（以下簡稱“新(xin)(xin)基(ji)建(jian)(jian)”）并非一(yi)個全新(xin)(xin)的(de)事(shi)物。2018年中央經濟(ji)工作會(hui)議提(ti)出：要促(cu)(cu)進(jin)(jin)形成強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)大國內市場(chang)，我國發展現階(jie)段投資(zi)需求潛力仍然巨大，要發揮投資(zi)關鍵作用，加快(kuai)5G商用步伐，加強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)人(ren)工智能、工業互(hu)聯網(wang)、物聯網(wang)等新(xin)(xin)型(xing)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)。隨后(hou)，在2019年的(de)政(zheng)府(fu)工作報(bao)告(gao)中提(ti)出加強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)新(xin)(xin)一(yi)代(dai)信(xin)息(xi)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)。2019年7月(yue)30日中央政(zheng)治局會(hui)議針對(dui)下半年經濟(ji)工作再次(ci)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)調，要加快(kuai)推進(jin)(jin)信(xin)息(xi)網(wang)絡(luo)等新(xin)(xin)型(xing)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)。甚(shen)至，可以把“新(xin)(xin)基(ji)建(jian)(jian)”上溯到(dao)2008年國際金融危機，當時全球為了應對(dui)國際金融危機努力尋(xun)求新(xin)(xin)的(de)經濟(ji)增長點，這極大促(cu)(cu)進(jin)(jin)了新(xin)(xin)一(yi)輪(lun)科技和產業革命加速(su)拓展，自(zi)此以后(hou)上述所謂新(xin)(xin)型(xing)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)一(yi)直是(shi)全球投資(zi)和資(zi)本市場(chang)追逐的(de)方向(xiang)。
在新(xin)(xin)冠(guan)肺炎疫(yi)情沖擊下，近期中央多(duo)次(ci)會(hui)議反復提及加快“新(xin)(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)(jian)(jian)”，市場(chang)也在高(gao)度(du)關注(zhu)“新(xin)(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)(jian)(jian)”這(zhe)(zhe)個熱點，有人將(jiang)其(qi)作為新(xin)(xin)的“刺激計劃”。的確，加快“新(xin)(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)(jian)(jian)”有擴大內(nei)需(xu)、保證2020年經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)增(zeng)長目標實(shi)現這(zhe)(zhe)方面的功能(neng)(neng)(neng)，但是，“新(xin)(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)(jian)(jian)”并不新(xin)(xin)，實(shi)際上更是上述政策的持(chi)續。科學的態(tai)度(du)是要把“新(xin)(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)(jian)(jian)”內(nei)嵌于(yu)我國高(gao)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)發(fa)展的需(xu)要，使其(qi)客(ke)觀上發(fa)揮了擴大內(nei)需(xu)、促進(jin)增(zeng)長的作用。具體(ti)(ti)而言(yan)，新(xin)(xin)型基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設施(shi)應該理(li)解(jie)為新(xin)(xin)型工(gong)業化(hua)、新(xin)(xin)型城鎮化(hua)、現代化(hua)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)系的基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設施(shi)，“新(xin)(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)(jian)(jian)”要能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠服務于(yu)高(gao)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)工(gong)業化(hua)、高(gao)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)城鎮化(hua)戰略，要能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠堅持(chi)供(gong)給(gei)側結構性改革，這(zhe)(zhe)才能(neng)(neng)(neng)真正服務于(yu)我國經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)高(gao)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)發(fa)展，避免回(hui)到(dao)“大水漫灌(guan)”的老路。
新型基礎設施應是新型工業化的基礎設施，支撐高質量工業化戰略
當前(qian)資本(ben)市(shi)場(chang)上(shang)流行(xing)觀(guan)點(dian)認為新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)主要包(bao)(bao)(bao)括(kuo)七大領域(yu)：5G基(ji)(ji)(ji)建、特高壓（電(dian)力(li)物聯網(wang)）、高鐵（軌道交通）、充電(dian)樁（新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)汽(qi)車）、數據中心（云計算(suan)）、人(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)互聯網(wang)，在(zai)(zai)此(ci)之(zhi)前(qian)，一(yi)些技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)研究(jiu)機構將新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)定(ding)義為融合感知、傳(chuan)(chuan)輸、存(cun)儲、計算(suan)、處理為一(yi)體的新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)一(yi)代智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)信(xin)(xin)息基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。實際上(shang)，這些界(jie)定(ding)雖然(ran)比較具體，但(dan)內涵還(huan)過于狹(xia)窄，無法真(zhen)正詮釋新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的“新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)”的全部內涵。“新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)”應是(shi)和“傳(chuan)(chuan)統”相(xiang)對應，新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)應該對應的是(shi)傳(chuan)(chuan)統基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，而傳(chuan)(chuan)統基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)般(ban)就(jiu)是(shi)我們所理解的鐵路(lu)、公路(lu)、機場(chang)、港口城市(shi)設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)等傳(chuan)(chuan)統工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，基(ji)(ji)(ji)本(ben)上(shang)是(shi)基(ji)(ji)(ji)于上(shang)一(yi)輪(lun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)革(ge)(ge)命(ming)的機械技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)、電(dian)氣技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)、通信(xin)(xin)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)等應用的結(jie)果(guo)。新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)則是(shi)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，所謂新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)則是(shi)在(zai)(zai)傳(chuan)(chuan)統工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)上(shang)疊加(jia)了信(xin)(xin)息化(hua)(hua)(hua)、數字化(hua)(hua)(hua)、網(wang)絡化(hua)(hua)(hua)、智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)、綠(lv)(lv)色化(hua)(hua)(hua)等要求(qiu)，是(shi)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)一(yi)輪(lun)科(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)和工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)革(ge)(ge)命(ming)的信(xin)(xin)息技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)、智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)、新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)等產生和應用的結(jie)果(guo)，新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)既(ji)包(bao)(bao)(bao)括(kuo)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)一(yi)代智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)信(xin)(xin)息基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，也包(bao)(bao)(bao)括(kuo)傳(chuan)(chuan)統基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的信(xin)(xin)息化(hua)(hua)(hua)、智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)、綠(lv)(lv)色化(hua)(hua)(hua)改造后(hou)的設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。因此(ci)，新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)應該是(shi)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，不僅包(bao)(bao)(bao)括(kuo)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)一(yi)代智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)信(xin)(xin)息基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，而且還(huan)應包(bao)(bao)(bao)括(kuo)與綠(lv)(lv)色化(hua)(hua)(hua)相(xiang)關的各類(lei)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)；不僅包(bao)(bao)(bao)括(kuo)上(shang)述七大領域(yu)，還(huan)應包(bao)(bao)(bao)括(kuo)支(zhi)撐(cheng)不斷深化(hua)(hua)(hua)拓展的新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)一(yi)輪(lun)科(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)和產業(ye)(ye)(ye)革(ge)(ge)命(ming)的各種基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。
由于中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)是(shi)(shi)后(hou)發(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)代化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家，中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)道(dao)路(lu)(lu)并(bing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)傳統的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)道(dao)路(lu)(lu)，而是(shi)(shi)融合了(le)信(xin)息(xi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、綠色(se)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)要(yao)求的(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)型(xing)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)道(dao)路(lu)(lu)。在(zai)新(xin)型(xing)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)道(dao)路(lu)(lu)上我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)快速(su)推進(jin)(jin)了(le)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)進(jin)(jin)程(cheng)，基(ji)于工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)理論(lun)測評(ping)，中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)進(jin)(jin)程(cheng)已(yi)經步入工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)后(hou)期。但(dan)是(shi)(shi)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)進(jin)(jin)程(cheng)還(huan)存(cun)在(zai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)充(chong)分(fen)問(wen)題(ti)，工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量還(huan)亟待(dai)提升。一(yi)是(shi)(shi)各區(qu)域(yu)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)進(jin)(jin)程(cheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)，一(yi)些區(qu)域(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)水(shui)平(ping)(ping)不(bu)(bu)(bu)充(chong)分(fen)。上海、北京、廣東、浙江(jiang)、江(jiang)蘇等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)已(yi)經步入到后(hou)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)階(jie)段，但(dan)仍(reng)有(you)相當數(shu)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)西部(bu)省份基(ji)本還(huan)處于工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)中(zhong)(zhong)期。二是(shi)(shi)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)構不(bu)(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)，創新(xin)能力(li)和高(gao)(gao)端產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)充(chong)分(fen)，鋼鐵、石化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、建(jian)(jian)材等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)低(di)水(shui)平(ping)(ping)產(chan)能過剩問(wen)題(ti)突出(chu)并(bing)長(chang)期存(cun)在(zai)，而高(gao)(gao)端產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)夠和產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)價值鏈高(gao)(gao)端環(huan)節占有(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)足，自主創新(xin)能力(li)還(huan)有(you)待(dai)提升。三是(shi)(shi)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)速(su)度與資源(yuan)環(huan)境承載力(li)不(bu)(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)，綠色(se)經濟(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)充(chong)分(fen)，14億人口的(de)(de)(de)(de)快速(su)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)進(jin)(jin)程(cheng)，給資源(yuan)環(huan)境的(de)(de)(de)(de)承載提出(chu)了(le)極(ji)大挑(tiao)戰(zhan)。黨的(de)(de)(de)(de)十九大報(bao)告提出(chu)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)經濟(ji)已(yi)由高(gao)(gao)速(su)增長(chang)階(jie)段轉向(xiang)高(gao)(gao)質(zhi)(zhi)量發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)階(jie)段，而經濟(ji)高(gao)(gao)質(zhi)(zhi)量發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)是(shi)(shi)在(zai)新(xin)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)理念指導下針對發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)充(chong)分(fen)問(wen)題(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)經濟(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，與此相適應，我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)新(xin)型(xing)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)道(dao)路(lu)(lu)也需要(yao)從高(gao)(gao)速(su)度工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)戰(zhan)略轉向(xiang)高(gao)(gao)質(zhi)(zhi)量工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)戰(zhan)略，針對工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)進(jin)(jin)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)存(cun)在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)充(chong)分(fen)問(wen)題(ti)，積極(ji)推進(jin)(jin)高(gao)(gao)質(zhi)(zhi)量工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)戰(zhan)略。因此，“新(xin)基(ji)建(jian)(jian)”需要(yao)支撐高(gao)(gao)質(zhi)(zhi)量工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)戰(zhan)略，針對上述區(qu)域(yu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)、產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)和綠色(se)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)方面不(bu)(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)充(chong)分(fen)問(wen)題(ti)進(jin)(jin)行新(xin)型(xing)基(ji)礎(chu)設施(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)項目選(xuan)(xuan)擇、融資投(tou)資、布局選(xuan)(xuan)址等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)一(yi)系(xi)列(lie)建(jian)(jian)設決策(ce)。這意味著“新(xin)基(ji)建(jian)(jian)”絕(jue)不(bu)(bu)(bu)僅僅是(shi)(shi)今年(nian)短期的(de)(de)(de)(de)經濟(ji)增長(chang)問(wen)題(ti)，而是(shi)(shi)“十四(si)五”規(gui)劃(hua)乃至(zhi)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)全面建(jian)(jian)設社會(hui)主義現(xian)代化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)強國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重大問(wen)題(ti)。
新型基礎設施應是新型城鎮化的基礎設施，支撐高質量城鎮化戰略
伴(ban)隨著工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)進程，城(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)進程會不(bu)斷推(tui)進，這是一(yi)個現(xian)代化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)普遍規律(lv)。隨著我國新(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)進程的(de)(de)深(shen)(shen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，我國也(ye)開始不(bu)斷推(tui)進新(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)城(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，2014年3月，中共中央(yang)、國務院印發(fa)(fa)《國家新(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)城(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)規劃（2014—2020年）》，明(ming)確指出緊緊圍繞全面提高(gao)城(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)質量，走以人為(wei)本、“四(si)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)同步(bu)”、優化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)布局、生態文明(ming)、文化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)傳承的(de)(de)中國特色新(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)城(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)道路。城(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)發(fa)(fa)展需要(yao)(yao)大量的(de)(de)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)間和城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)內的(de)(de)基(ji)礎(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)，城(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)需要(yao)(yao)大量基(ji)礎(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)建設(she)(she)，新(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)基(ji)礎(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)也(ye)應(ying)該與(yu)新(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)城(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)要(yao)(yao)求相(xiang)適應(ying)。經濟高(gao)質量發(fa)(fa)展要(yao)(yao)求“四(si)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)同步(bu)”發(fa)(fa)展，也(ye)就(jiu)是新(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)與(yu)信息化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)深(shen)(shen)度(du)融合，而(er)新(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)城(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)要(yao)(yao)與(yu)新(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)良性互動，城(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)與(yu)農業(ye)(ye)(ye)現(xian)代化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)相(xiang)協(xie)(xie)調(diao)。從更廣泛的(de)(de)意義上看(kan)，新(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)基(ji)礎(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)應(ying)該是“四(si)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)同步(bu)”發(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)基(ji)礎(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)，不(bu)僅僅要(yao)(yao)滿足新(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)與(yu)信息化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)深(shen)(shen)度(du)融合要(yao)(yao)求，還要(yao)(yao)滿足城(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)與(yu)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)良性互動、與(yu)農業(ye)(ye)(ye)現(xian)代化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)協(xie)(xie)調(diao)的(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求。
具體而(er)言(yan)，新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)可以體現(xian)為(wei)建設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)慧城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、綠色城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、森林城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、海綿(mian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、人文(wen)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、宜居(ju)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)等一(yi)系列類型的(de)現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，還體現(xian)在城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)群(qun)(qun)(qun)、大都(dou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)圈(quan)(quan)建設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)的(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，這些要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)也是(shi)高質(zhi)量(liang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)戰(zhan)略的(de)目(mu)標，“新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)基(ji)(ji)建”就是(shi)要(yao)(yao)建設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)符(fu)合(he)現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)群(qun)(qun)(qun)和(he)(he)都(dou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)圈(quan)(quan)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)的(de)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)。要(yao)(yao)支撐高質(zhi)量(liang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)戰(zhan)略，“新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)基(ji)(ji)建”一(yi)方面(mian)(mian)布局全新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、綠色化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)，如新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)一(yi)代(dai)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)網絡，包(bao)(bao)(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)F5G（千(qian)兆光纖寬帶）、5G、物聯(lian)(lian)(lian)網、云(yun)計(ji)算、邊(bian)緣計(ji)算、新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型互聯(lian)(lian)(lian)網交換中(zhong)心等；另一(yi)方面(mian)(mian)利用新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)一(yi)代(dai)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)技(ji)術和(he)(he)綠色技(ji)術與交通運(yun)輸、能(neng)源(yuan)水利、市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)政、環保(bao)、公共衛生等傳(chuan)統城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)進行(xing)融合(he)，對傳(chuan)統城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)進行(xing)數字化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、網絡化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、綠色化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)升級而(er)建設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)形成(cheng)的(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)。例如，通過信(xin)(xin)息(xi)技(ji)術與傳(chuan)統基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)深度融合(he)，形成(cheng)工(gong)業物聯(lian)(lian)(lian)網、車聯(lian)(lian)(lian)網、電力物聯(lian)(lian)(lian)網、城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)感知設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)、智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)政等。高質(zhi)量(liang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)戰(zhan)略，不僅包(bao)(bao)(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)單體城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮發展，還包(bao)(bao)(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)建設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)群(qun)(qun)(qun)、都(dou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)圈(quan)(quan)的(de)發展，我國經濟(ji)發展的(de)空間(jian)結構(gou)正在發生深刻(ke)變化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，中(zhong)心城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)群(qun)(qun)(qun)正在成(cheng)為(wei)承載發展要(yao)(yao)素的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)空間(jian)形式。未來城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)群(qun)(qun)(qun)和(he)(he)都(dou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)圈(quan)(quan)的(de)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)建設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)需(xu)求(qiu)量(liang)很大，這既包(bao)(bao)(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)群(qun)(qun)(qun)的(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)間(jian)高速、便捷(jie)、綠色、智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)的(de)交通基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)建設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)，還包(bao)(bao)(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)都(dou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)圈(quan)(quan)中(zhong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)郊區(qu)、中(zhong)心城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)衛星城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)間(jian)交通、信(xin)(xin)息(xi)等基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)以及各類公共設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)。總之(zhi)，支撐新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)戰(zhan)略，將是(shi)“新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)基(ji)(ji)建”的(de)一(yi)個主(zhu)戰(zhan)場(chang)。
新型基礎設施應是現代化經濟體系的基礎設施，堅持供給側結構性改革
我國經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)從(cong)高(gao)速(su)增長轉向(xiang)(xiang)高(gao)質(zhi)量(liang)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，相應的(de)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)也(ye)(ye)需要從(cong)傳(chuan)(chuan)統經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)轉向(xiang)(xiang)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)，建(jian)(jian)(jian)設現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)是(shi)高(gao)質(zhi)量(liang)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)必(bi)然(ran)要求(qiu)。現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)必(bi)然(ran)需要現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設施，信息化(hua)(hua)(hua)、智能化(hua)(hua)(hua)、綠(lv)色化(hua)(hua)(hua)都是(shi)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)方向(xiang)(xiang)和要求(qiu)，因此，新型基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設施是(shi)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設施，構成了現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設施。制(zhi)約傳(chuan)(chuan)統經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)轉向(xiang)(xiang)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)關鍵矛盾在于供(gong)給(gei)(gei)側質(zhi)量(liang)不(bu)高(gao)，建(jian)(jian)(jian)設現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)需要提(ti)高(gao)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)供(gong)給(gei)(gei)質(zhi)量(liang)，需要破除無效供(gong)給(gei)(gei)、提(ti)高(gao)有效供(gong)給(gei)(gei)，以更好地(di)滿足需求(qiu)，也(ye)(ye)就是(shi)需要推進(jin)供(gong)給(gei)(gei)側結構性改(gai)革。同樣，建(jian)(jian)(jian)設現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)，需通過“新基(ji)(ji)建(jian)(jian)(jian)”進(jin)行基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設施創新，從(cong)而提(ti)高(gao)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設施供(gong)給(gei)(gei)質(zhi)量(liang)，促進(jin)數字(zi)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)、智能經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)和綠(lv)色經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，進(jin)而推進(jin)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)轉型升級(ji)，從(cong)而實現(xian)(xian)供(gong)給(gei)(gei)側結構性改(gai)革的(de)目標(biao)。
但(dan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)，加快“新(xin)(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)建”并不(bu)必(bi)然就是(shi)(shi)(shi)推進供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)側(ce)結(jie)構(gou)性(xing)(xing)(xing)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)。2015年以(yi)(yi)(yi)來(lai)，供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)側(ce)結(jie)構(gou)性(xing)(xing)(xing)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)成(cheng)為我(wo)國(guo)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)工作(zuo)主線。供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)側(ce)結(jie)構(gou)性(xing)(xing)(xing)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)，旨(zhi)在(zai)(zai)以(yi)(yi)(yi)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)體制機(ji)制的(de)(de)(de)(de)辦法推進供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)結(jie)構(gou)調整(zheng)、提(ti)高供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)質量，以(yi)(yi)(yi)更(geng)好地滿足需(xu)求(qiu)，進而實現經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)平穩健康發展(zhan)。供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)側(ce)結(jie)構(gou)性(xing)(xing)(xing)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)本(ben)(ben)質要(yao)求(qiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)深化(hua)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)化(hua)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)、完善(shan)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)體制，通過更(geng)加完善(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)體制機(ji)制這(zhe)(zhe)只(zhi)手來(lai)推進經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)結(jie)構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)調整(zheng)，而不(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)這(zhe)(zhe)只(zhi)手直接(jie)干預供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)結(jie)構(gou)、實現經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)結(jie)構(gou)調整(zheng)。也(ye)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)說(shuo)，“新(xin)(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)建”如果只(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)，試圖(tu)通過政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)來(lai)提(ti)高經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)質量，雖(sui)然這(zhe)(zhe)可能會(hui)大(da)(da)幅度拉(la)動(dong)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)、擴大(da)(da)內(nei)需(xu)，產(chan)生(sheng)直接(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)從需(xu)求(qiu)側(ce)刺(ci)(ci)激(ji)(ji)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)增(zeng)(zeng)長的(de)(de)(de)(de)功能，但(dan)由于沒(mei)有很(hen)好地利用(yong)(yong)(yong)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)機(ji)制，不(bu)能認為“新(xin)(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)建”是(shi)(shi)(shi)深化(hua)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)側(ce)結(jie)構(gou)性(xing)(xing)(xing)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)。“新(xin)(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)建”要(yao)堅(jian)持供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)側(ce)結(jie)構(gou)性(xing)(xing)(xing)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)要(yao)求(qiu)“新(xin)(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)建”投(tou)(tou)資(zi)與(yu)項(xiang)目(mu)更(geng)多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)尊(zun)重市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)規(gui)(gui)律、市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)機(ji)制發生(sheng)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)果，而不(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)通過選(xuan)擇(ze)性(xing)(xing)(xing)產(chan)業政(zheng)(zheng)策進行(xing)大(da)(da)規(gui)(gui)模投(tou)(tou)資(zi)刺(ci)(ci)激(ji)(ji)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)果。“新(xin)(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)建”堅(jian)持供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)側(ce)結(jie)構(gou)性(xing)(xing)(xing)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)，本(ben)(ben)質上(shang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)對市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)上(shang)熱(re)盼通過“新(xin)(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)建”大(da)(da)規(gui)(gui)模刺(ci)(ci)激(ji)(ji)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)否定。雖(sui)然基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設施(shi)(shi)一般具有公共(gong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)，也(ye)需(xu)要(yao)大(da)(da)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)本(ben)(ben)，這(zhe)(zhe)需(xu)要(yao)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)超前(qian)規(gui)(gui)劃和投(tou)(tou)資(zi)，但(dan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)要(yao)想獲得長期(qi)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)效率，基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設施(shi)(shi)建設也(ye)必(bi)須堅(jian)持優先(xian)和充分利用(yong)(yong)(yong)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)機(ji)制的(de)(de)(de)(de)原則。尤(you)其是(shi)(shi)(shi)新(xin)(xin)型(xing)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設施(shi)(shi)與(yu)傳統基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設施(shi)(shi)具有很(hen)大(da)(da)區別，一方面(mian)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)前(qian)景不(bu)確定較(jiao)大(da)(da)，選(xuan)擇(ze)性(xing)(xing)(xing)產(chan)業政(zheng)(zheng)策的(de)(de)(de)(de)適(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)不(bu)高，另一方面(mian)近(jin)些年在(zai)(zai)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)機(ji)制推動(dong)下這(zhe)(zhe)個領域已經(jing)有了很(hen)好地發展(zhan)成(cheng)就。因此，“新(xin)(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)建”需(xu)要(yao)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)引導，但(dan)切勿(wu)過度直接(jie)介(jie)入。尤(you)其是(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)當前(qian)新(xin)(xin)冠肺炎(yan)疫情(qing)沖擊、宏觀經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)目(mu)標實現壓力增(zeng)(zeng)大(da)(da)、地方政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)熱(re)情(qing)高漲的(de)(de)(de)(de)背景下，更(geng)需(xu)要(yao)對此保持高度的(de)(de)(de)(de)清醒。
總之(zhi)，中央提出加(jia)快“新基建”，應該更多(duo)地(di)從促進我國經濟(ji)高質量發展角度理解和(he)認識，而(er)積(ji)極推進“新基建”，不(bu)能忘記供(gong)給側結構性改革的工作主(zhu)線(xian)，要從優先和(he)充分利用市(shi)場(chang)機(ji)制入手。 （黃(huang)群慧(hui)）
【責任編輯：語謙】