文章來源：國(guo)家電網(wang)公司 發(fa)布時間(jian)：2017-09-21
“互(hu)(hu)聯網(wang)+”席(xi)卷全(quan)球，強勢入局世界(jie)汽車(che)產業(ye)。凱捷(jie)全(quan)球汽車(che)委員會主席(xi)尼克•吉爾感(gan)慨(kai)，“汽車(che)已經進入互(hu)(hu)聯網(wang)時代。”
繼互(hu)聯網(wang)、物聯網(wang)之后，車(che)聯網(wang)成為未來(lai)智(zhi)能城市(shi)(shi)的(de)另一個重要標志。搭乘(cheng)時代快(kuai)車(che)的(de)車(che)聯網(wang)徹(che)底改變了(le)汽車(che)產業氣象，車(che)與(yu)路(lu)、車(che)與(yu)人(ren)、車(che)與(yu)車(che)、車(che)與(yu)城市(shi)(shi)的(de)互(hu)通互(hu)聯，提供(gong)了(le)強有力的(de)交通安(an)全保障(zhang)和優(you)質的(de)城市(shi)(shi)服務，使(shi)智(zhi)能交通、智(zhi)慧(hui)城市(shi)(shi)成為可能。
面(mian)對巨大的市場紅利(li)，整車(che)制(zhi)作(zuo)商、互聯(lian)網(wang)公司(si)(si)、金融公司(si)(si)紛紛跑馬圈(quan)地(di)，搶占車(che)聯(lian)網(wang)高地(di)。政策紅利(li)的釋(shi)放、用戶需求(qiu)的增長、信息技術的普及應用、汽車(che)產業(ye)轉型(xing)升級的契機，給車(che)聯(lian)網(wang)帶來新機遇。
作為負責(ze)任的(de)特大型國(guo)有重點骨(gu)干(gan)企業(ye)，國(guo)家(jia)電網(wang)公司順勢進入新能源汽(qi)車數據互聯這片藍海市場，建(jian)設多方主(zhu)體參與(yu)、互動環境(jing)友(you)善、交(jiao)易機制(zhi)完善的(de)車聯網(wang)平臺，致力將(jiang)車聯網(wang)打造成面向(xiang)全社(she)會開放的(de)公共充電云服(fu)務(wu)平臺、公共租車云服(fu)務(wu)平臺和增值(zhi)服(fu)務(wu)云平臺。
營造車輛(liang)互聯生(sheng)態系(xi)統
中國(guo)是(shi)全球車(che)(che)(che)聯網(wang)(wang)(wang)市場發展潛(qian)力(li)最大的國(guo)家，產業規(gui)模幾乎每3年翻一倍。面對機遇，公司快(kuai)(kuai)速(su)布(bu)局，致(zhi)力(li)打造電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)車(che)(che)(che)聯網(wang)(wang)(wang)平(ping)臺，通過標(biao)準(zhun)計費控制單元（TCU）接(jie)(jie)入(ru)分布(bu)各地、由不(bu)同(tong)投資(zi)主體建設(she)的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)，為電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)用(yong)戶提(ti)供線上預約、線下(xia)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務；同(tong)時(shi)將可租用(yong)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)通過車(che)(che)(che)載終端統一接(jie)(jie)入(ru)，為用(yong)戶提(ti)供線上預定、線下(xia)取車(che)(che)(che)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務。平(ping)臺整合國(guo)家電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)、南方(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)和其他(ta)運營(ying)商充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)施資(zi)源，構建充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務一張網(wang)(wang)(wang)，形成先發優勢(shi)。同(tong)時(shi)開放接(jie)(jie)入(ru)標(biao)準(zhun)，實現充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)施、電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)、停車(che)(che)(che)位等(deng)硬資(zi)源的快(kuai)(kuai)速(su)接(jie)(jie)入(ru)和互(hu)聯互(hu)通，以(yi)及內(nei)容服(fu)(fu)(fu)務商、車(che)(che)(che)輛(liang)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務商等(deng)軟資(zi)源的接(jie)(jie)入(ru)和服(fu)(fu)(fu)務共享。
“目前，車(che)(che)(che)聯(lian)網(wang)平(ping)臺已(yi)經步入(ru)(ru)發展(zhan)快車(che)(che)(che)道(dao)。”據國網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車(che)(che)(che)服(fu)務有(you)限公(gong)(gong)司(si)有(you)關人員介紹，目前，車(che)(che)(che)聯(lian)網(wang)平(ping)臺已(yi)接入(ru)(ru)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁3.7萬(wan)個(ge)，其(qi)中(zhong)國家電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)公(gong)(gong)司(si)2.4萬(wan)個(ge)，社會充電(dian)(dian)(dian)運(yun)營(ying)商1.3萬(wan)個(ge)。今年1～7月累計(ji)完(wan)成充電(dian)(dian)(dian)服(fu)務213.8萬(wan)次(ci)，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量1.08億千(qian)瓦時，服(fu)務電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車(che)(che)(che)用戶(hu)超(chao)過8.1萬(wan)人。7月，國網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車(che)(che)(che)公(gong)(gong)司(si)在(zai)上(shang)海設立子(zi)公(gong)(gong)司(si)，負責就近服(fu)務，落實具體項目和(he)市場開拓，建(jian)立和(he)完(wan)善車(che)(che)(che)聯(lian)網(wang)平(ping)臺屬地化管理模式(shi)。不久之后，在(zai)完(wan)成全功能(neng)測(ce)(ce)試和(he)壓(ya)力測(ce)(ce)試的基礎上(shang)，車(che)(che)(che)聯(lian)網(wang)正式(shi)系(xi)統在(zai)上(shang)海災備中(zhong)心投運(yun)，支持12萬(wan)個(ge)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁接入(ru)(ru)運(yun)營(ying)和(he)50萬(wan)用戶(hu)訪(fang)問(wen)服(fu)務，系(xi)統穩定(ding)性全面(mian)提升。
實(shi)現(xian)車輛互(hu)聯不難(nan)，打(da)造一個健康的車輛互(hu)聯生(sheng)態系統(tong)卻并(bing)非易事。數據(ju)應用分析(xi)能力(li)(li)不足(zu)、運營模式(shi)重(zhong)疊、全產(chan)業鏈(lian)布局能力(li)(li)有限等(deng)問題，使得(de)建設智能高效(xiao)的車聯網平臺，依舊任(ren)重(zhong)道遠。
面對(dui)困(kun)難，公(gong)(gong)司持續發(fa)力。根據國家電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)“十三(san)五”電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)絡建(jian)設規劃(hua)，2016～2017年，采用(yong)單樁接(jie)入或(huo)平臺對(dui)接(jie)方式，大力推進社會充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁接(jie)入車(che)聯(lian)網(wang)；搭建(jian)云(yun)(yun)基(ji)礎設施，實現車(che)聯(lian)網(wang)業務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)面向互聯(lian)網(wang)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)化改造(zao)；完成(cheng)平臺正式部(bu)署，建(jian)設車(che)聯(lian)網(wang)運(yun)營(ying)(ying)監控中心及(ji)可視化系(xi)(xi)統。2018～2020年，全面提(ti)升車(che)聯(lian)網(wang)智能(neng)化水平，將(jiang)車(che)聯(lian)網(wang)打(da)造(zao)成(cheng)公(gong)(gong)共(gong)云(yun)(yun)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)平臺，面向社會充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設施運(yun)營(ying)(ying)商、車(che)輛租賃(lin)商、政府和(he)(he)第三(san)方服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)商提(ti)供多種公(gong)(gong)共(gong)云(yun)(yun)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)；建(jian)設車(che)聯(lian)網(wang)平臺異地容(rong)災中心和(he)(he)同城容(rong)災中心，滿足車(che)聯(lian)網(wang)全國級系(xi)(xi)統和(he)(he)數(shu)(shu)據容(rong)災需求；依(yi)托數(shu)(shu)據采集、分析能(neng)力及(ji)成(cheng)熟的收費清分結(jie)算系(xi)(xi)統，服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)客戶(hu)側(ce)分布(bu)式電(dian)(dian)(dian)源、儲能(neng)系(xi)(xi)統、智能(neng)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設備與智能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)互聯(lian)交易(yi)，將(jiang)車(che)聯(lian)網(wang)建(jian)設成(cheng)與多方主體(ti)實時(shi)互動(dong)(dong)的核心數(shu)(shu)據源與信息交匯(hui)點。到2020年，計劃(hua)接(jie)入公(gong)(gong)共(gong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁36萬個(ge)、私人共(gong)享充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁50萬個(ge)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)注冊用(yong)戶(hu)數(shu)(shu)超400萬。屆時(shi)將(jiang)建(jian)成(cheng)公(gong)(gong)共(gong)租車(che)云(yun)(yun)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)平臺，接(jie)入公(gong)(gong)司自營(ying)(ying)及(ji)社會運(yun)營(ying)(ying)租賃(lin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)1.5萬輛；同時(shi)建(jian)成(cheng)增值服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)云(yun)(yun)平臺，拓展廣告、保(bao)險、維修保(bao)養、生活娛樂(le)等增值服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。
構建智能高效(xiao)充換電網絡
我國新(xin)能(neng)源汽車發展勢頭強(qiang)勁，位列(lie)七大戰(zhan)略性新(xin)興(xing)產(chan)業(ye)。電動(dong)汽車局面已經打開，勢能(neng)正(zheng)在迸進，勢頭不可阻(zu)擋。與之(zhi)伴隨的充電服(fu)務市場廣闊(kuo)。截(jie)至6月底，我國新(xin)能(neng)源汽車銷量(liang)17萬(wan)輛(liang)，同(tong)比增(zeng)長(chang)127%，公司及各社會運(yun)營(ying)商投運(yun)公共充電樁8.2萬(wan)個(ge)，同(tong)期增(zeng)長(chang)221.6%。電動(dong)汽車的日益普及對(dui)配套(tao)服(fu)務提出了(le)更高要求，充電服(fu)務已成為新(xin)的經濟(ji)風口。
如何(he)構建開(kai)放、智(zhi)能、互動(dong)、高效的電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)充(chong)(chong)換(huan)電(dian)(dian)網絡(luo)，最大程度提升(sheng)公共充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)效率效益、實現電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)與智(zhi)能電(dian)(dian)網和諧發展，是擺在公司面(mian)前的重要課題。
規劃(hua)引領是第一步。公(gong)司(si)堅持全國一張(zhang)網(wang)，26家省公(gong)司(si)整(zheng)體(ti)規劃(hua)、全面(mian)布局，結合用戶出行及生活消費習慣，優(you)化公(gong)共充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設施選址，并通過建立充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設施物聯網(wang)，提高充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)服(fu)務(wu)的(de)便捷性與可(ke)靠(kao)性。近年來(lai)，公(gong)司(si)以(yi)京津冀(ji)魯、長(chang)三角等(deng)國家電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車(che)發展示范城(cheng)市(shi)為重點，加快城(cheng)市(shi)和高速公(gong)路公(gong)共快充(chong)站建設，全面(mian)服(fu)務(wu)公(gong)交、環衛、物流、出租車(che)、私人乘用車(che)等(deng)各類車(che)型。累計建成(cheng)充(chong)換(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站1857座，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)3.22萬個。目(mu)前(qian)，公(gong)司(si)已在京港澳等(deng)8條高速公(gong)路投運快充(chong)站363座，覆蓋高速公(gong)路1.1萬千(qian)米、12個省的(de)81個城(cheng)市(shi)。在世界(jie)率(lv)先(xian)實現了公(gong)共充(chong)換(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)服(fu)務(wu)由點到面(mian)、由城(cheng)市(shi)到城(cheng)際的(de)發展。
智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)高效(xiao)是關(guan)鍵(jian)點(dian)。作為連接用(yong)(yong)戶與充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車的(de)(de)紐帶，“e充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)”手機(ji)(ji)客戶端能(neng)優化(hua)線(xian)上(shang)、線(xian)下(xia)資(zi)源，實(shi)(shi)時監測充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)數據(ju)，為用(yong)(yong)戶提(ti)(ti)供(gong)安(an)全高效(xiao)的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)服(fu)務。另一邊，作為提(ti)(ti)升充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設施智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)化(hua)水平(ping)(ping)的(de)(de)利器，“智(zhi)(zhi)慧心”（智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)標準(zhun)計費控制單(dan)元TCU)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)安(an)全嵌入式(shi)工控計算機(ji)(ji)，融(rong)合充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)及(ji)車載一體化(hua)控制，實(shi)(shi)現樁(zhuang)(zhuang)聯(lian)(lian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)、車聯(lian)(lian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)、人聯(lian)(lian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)和能(neng)源互聯(lian)(lian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)；實(shi)(shi)時監測配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)負(fu)荷(he)情況，積極消納(na)清潔能(neng)源，充(chong)(chong)分(fen)利用(yong)(yong)波谷電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)和減少(shao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)棄風、棄水、棄光電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)。將來，基于(yu)“智(zhi)(zhi)慧心”，電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車將成(cheng)為智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)移(yi)動(dong)儲能(neng)單(dan)元，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)將成(cheng)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車接入電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)能(neng)量(liang)(liang)路由器，車聯(lian)(lian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)將成(cheng)為用(yong)(yong)戶側(ce)儲能(neng)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車、分(fen)布式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源與智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)能(neng)源互聯(lian)(lian)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)。
重塑“互聯(lian)網+”綠色出行(xing)方(fang)式
加(jia)班到(dao)深(shen)夜，地(di)鐵(tie)已經停(ting)運。家住(zhu)北(bei)京市東城區朝內南小街的詹先生(sheng)(sheng)走(zou)出辦(ban)公(gong)大樓，在(zai)電(dian)動汽(qi)車分(fen)時(shi)租賃停(ting)車場(chang)前停(ting)下腳步。他(ta)掏出手機(ji)打(da)開“如e行”客戶端，手指輕輕一(yi)點，已經等候多時(shi)的黑色小電(dian)動汽(qi)車“滴(di)”了一(yi)聲(sheng)。隨(sui)后(hou)，詹先生(sheng)(sheng)嫻熟地(di)開門上(shang)車，駛向數(shu)公(gong)里之外(wai)的家。
在“互(hu)聯(lian)網+”的(de)(de)全面滲透下，一種(zhong)基于大數據(ju)和(he)移動(dong)互(hu)聯(lian)網的(de)(de)新(xin)型(xing)出行方式正改變著人們的(de)(de)生活(huo)。今年上半年，滴(di)(di)滴(di)(di)出行日訂(ding)單(dan)量突破(po)1000萬(wan)，Uber累計訂(ding)單(dan)量超(chao)過20億(yi)，神州租車車隊規模超(chao)過9萬(wan)輛，北汽新(xin)能源等新(xin)能源汽車租賃業務也迅速擴張，基于“互(hu)聯(lian)網+”的(de)(de)汽車共享經濟(ji)和(he)分時租賃模式駛入(ru)新(xin)的(de)(de)發展軌(gui)道。
國家(jia)電網公(gong)司(si)積極推進“兩個替代”，倡導綠(lv)(lv)色(se)出行(xing)。公(gong)司(si)全面連接(jie)“人(ren)與公(gong)共服(fu)務(wu)”，將綠(lv)(lv)色(se)發展理念貫穿始(shi)終，通過研究(jiu)分時(shi)租賃(lin)、共享出行(xing)等商業模式，參(can)與、培育、引(yin)領電動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)服(fu)務(wu)新業態。在此(ci)背景下(xia)，“如e行(xing)”電動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)分時(shi)租賃(lin)業務(wu)應運而生。該業務(wu)借助物聯網技術服(fu)務(wu)短(duan)途(tu)出行(xing)需(xu)求、滿足多人(ren)高效率共用，降(jiang)低私人(ren)使用電動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)成本和機動(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)保有(you)量，實(shi)現綠(lv)(lv)色(se)低碳(tan)出行(xing)，是解決城市擁堵、尾氣污(wu)染難題的(de)良策(ce)。
“主(zhu)要還(huan)是(shi)有需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)、優(you)勢多。”已經(jing)是(shi)“如e行(xing)”分(fen)時租賃(lin)(lin)業(ye)務老客戶(hu)的(de)詹先生(sheng)說(shuo)，“最開始出于(yu)新鮮感，想體驗一(yi)下分(fen)時租賃(lin)(lin)這項業(ye)務，后來發(fa)現(xian)確實滿足了我(wo)的(de)出行(xing)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)。上班通勤、周末出行(xing)、工作臨(lin)時外(wai)出……對(dui)無(wu)車(che)(che)一(yi)族來說(shuo)，‘如e行(xing)’滿足了我(wo)在各種場(chang)景下的(de)需(xu)(xu)要，極大地方(fang)便了我(wo)的(de)生(sheng)活，而(er)且價格(ge)還(huan)實惠，減輕了養車(che)(che)用車(che)(che)的(de)經(jing)濟負擔。”
作為新生(sheng)事物，“如(ru)e行(xing)(xing)”分(fen)(fen)時(shi)(shi)租賃(lin)業(ye)務未來將在(zai)全國范圍內逐步推廣運行(xing)(xing)。該業(ye)務第(di)一(yi)批投入運營的電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)(che)共14輛(liang)，建設充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)35臺，并(bing)配有分(fen)(fen)時(shi)(shi)租賃(lin)專用(yong)停車(che)(che)位，可(ke)滿(man)足(zu)車(che)(che)輛(liang)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)、停車(che)(che)需求。該業(ye)務安排設計了時(shi)(shi)租、夜租、日租3種模式，供用(yong)戶自行(xing)(xing)定(ding)制(zhi)出行(xing)(xing)方式。同時(shi)(shi)，“如(ru)e行(xing)(xing)”分(fen)(fen)時(shi)(shi)租賃(lin)采用(yong)移(yi)動(dong)互聯(lian)網技術(shu)，通過“智慧(hui)心”實(shi)時(shi)(shi)監控車(che)(che)輛(liang)位置、電(dian)(dian)池、車(che)(che)況、行(xing)(xing)駛軌跡等(deng)信息，客服人(ren)員可(ke)根(gen)據監控結(jie)果實(shi)現防止用(yong)戶違約用(yong)車(che)(che)、查詢車(che)(che)輛(liang)違章責(ze)任(ren)人(ren)等(deng)操作，實(shi)時(shi)(shi)、遠(yuan)程監控業(ye)務，提升業(ye)務運營管理能力。
作(zuo)為(wei)“如(ru)e行(xing)”分時租賃業務的(de)開發者，國網電(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車公(gong)司還創(chuang)新研發“如(ru)e行(xing)”手機(ji)客戶端，實現租車預(yu)約、一鍵還車、租車費用支付等功能，用戶可使用GPS尋車、鳴笛提示(shi)、開關車門等自助服務。該公(gong)司打通“如(ru)e行(xing)”APP與(yu)“e充電(dian)”APP賬戶和(he)功能，方(fang)(fang)便(bian)用戶快速查(cha)詢(xun)公(gong)司充電(dian)樁，并融合(he)充電(dian)卡、支付平臺、網銀支付、消費卡券等方(fang)(fang)式，構建多維統一的(de)賬戶體系；積極(ji)探索電(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車租賃業務發展方(fang)(fang)式及盈利(li)模式，為(wei)電(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車租賃業務的(de)順(shun)利(li)發展引路導航。