文章(zhang)來(lai)源：考核分(fen)配局 發布時間：2020-01-16
近日(ri)，國務院(yuan)國資委(wei)發布了(le)《中(zhong)央(yang)企(qi)業工資總額管理辦法》（國資委(wei)令第39號(hao)，以(yi)下簡稱《辦法》）。《辦法》出臺后，國務院(yuan)國資委(wei)有關負責(ze)同志(zhi)接受了(le)記者采訪。
問：請介紹《辦法》的起草背景。
答：中(zhong)央企(qi)(qi)業工(gong)資(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)額(e)管理是調節國(guo)家、企(qi)(qi)業、職(zhi)工(gong)三者利益關(guan)系的(de)重要(yao)方(fang)式，也是國(guo)資(zi)(zi)委依法(fa)履行出資(zi)(zi)人職(zhi)責(ze)的(de)重要(yao)手(shou)段，一直以(yi)來，在推動中(zhong)央企(qi)(qi)業改革發(fa)展、確保(bao)國(guo)有資(zi)(zi)產保(bao)值增值方(fang)面發(fa)揮了(le)重要(yao)作用(yong)，同時(shi)，工(gong)資(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)額(e)管理又是關(guan)乎民生福(fu)祉(zhi)的(de)重要(yao)內容，涉及中(zhong)央企(qi)(qi)業廣大干部(bu)職(zhi)工(gong)的(de)切身利益，歷來受到各方(fang)面的(de)高(gao)度關(guan)注。
國(guo)資(zi)(zi)委(wei)成(cheng)立以來，對完善工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)(zong)額管(guan)(guan)理(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)做了(le)(le)(le)大量積(ji)極有(you)效探索(suo)，總(zong)(zong)(zong)體上(shang)分(fen)為(wei)三(san)個(ge)階(jie)段(duan)。第一階(jie)段(duan)為(wei)承(cheng)接起步(bu)期(qi)(qi)(qi)，從2003年至(zhi)2007年，國(guo)資(zi)(zi)委(wei)在(zai)(zai)依法(fa)承(cheng)接原(yuan)勞(lao)動保障(zhang)部門對中(zhong)央企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)監管(guan)(guan)職(zhi)(zhi)能的(de)基(ji)礎上(shang)，從出資(zi)(zi)人(ren)的(de)角度(du)，持續對工(gong)(gong)效掛鉤(gou)管(guan)(guan)理(li)辦法(fa)進行(xing)(xing)改(gai)革和(he)完善，初步(bu)構建(jian)了(le)(le)(le)出資(zi)(zi)人(ren)對企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)(zong)額調(diao)(diao)控體系(xi)，在(zai)(zai)促進企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)濟(ji)效益高(gao)速(su)增長的(de)同時(shi)，保障(zhang)了(le)(le)(le)職(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)較快提高(gao)。第二階(jie)段(duan)是改(gai)革突破(po)期(qi)(qi)(qi)，重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)(dian)是探索(suo)和(he)建(jian)立工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)(zong)額預(yu)(yu)(yu)算(suan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)的(de)體制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)機制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。2008年國(guo)資(zi)(zi)委(wei)在(zai)(zai)部分(fen)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)(dian)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)啟(qi)動了(le)(le)(le)工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)(zong)額預(yu)(yu)(yu)算(suan)試點(dian)(dian)，著手(shou)建(jian)立工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)(zong)額預(yu)(yu)(yu)算(suan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)體系(xi)，2010年、2012年先后(hou)印發(fa)了(le)(le)(le)《中(zhong)央企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)(zong)額預(yu)(yu)(yu)算(suan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)暫行(xing)(xing)辦法(fa)》和(he)《中(zhong)央企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)(zong)額預(yu)(yu)(yu)算(suan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)暫行(xing)(xing)辦法(fa)實(shi)(shi)施(shi)細則》，2014年實(shi)(shi)現了(le)(le)(le)中(zhong)央企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)(zong)額預(yu)(yu)(yu)算(suan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)全覆蓋。這個(ge)時(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)改(gai)革突破(po)，在(zai)(zai)中(zhong)央企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)構建(jian)起了(le)(le)(le)既符(fu)合現代企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)，又(you)與中(zhong)央企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)實(shi)(shi)際相結合的(de)工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)(zong)額預(yu)(yu)(yu)算(suan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)體系(xi)，也為(wei)全國(guo)國(guo)有(you)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)全面(mian)實(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)(zong)額預(yu)(yu)(yu)算(suan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)提供了(le)(le)(le)可復制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、可推廣的(de)經(jing)驗(yan)和(he)改(gai)革藍本。2014年以后(hou)，在(zai)(zai)深化國(guo)企(qi)(qi)(qi)改(gai)革的(de)大背景下，工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)(zong)額管(guan)(guan)理(li)進入第三(san)階(jie)段(duan)，即持續深化期(qi)(qi)(qi)，重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)(dian)以分(fen)類(lei)管(guan)(guan)理(li)為(wei)手(shou)段(duan)，制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)了(le)(le)(le)工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)(zong)額預(yu)(yu)(yu)算(suan)備(bei)案制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)周期(qi)(qi)(qi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)管(guan)(guan)理(li)、工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)(zong)額特別獎(jiang)勵等一系(xi)列政策(ce)措施(shi)，進一步(bu)增強了(le)(le)(le)職(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)收入分(fen)配調(diao)(diao)控的(de)針對性和(he)有(you)效性，在(zai)(zai)經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)展新(xin)常態(tai)下，發(fa)揮了(le)(le)(le)助力中(zhong)央企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)穩增長、激(ji)發(fa)和(he)調(diao)(diao)動企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)干(gan)部職(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)積(ji)極性的(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要作用。
黨(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)十九大站在新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史(shi)起點上，明(ming)確我國(guo)經濟已經由(you)高(gao)速增長(chang)階段(duan)轉(zhuan)向高(gao)質(zhi)量發(fa)展(zhan)階段(duan)，作(zuo)(zuo)出了貫(guan)徹(che)新發(fa)展(zhan)理(li)念、實(shi)現高(gao)質(zhi)量發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)部(bu)(bu)署，提(ti)出了培育具有(you)全球競爭力(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)世界一(yi)(yi)流企業(ye)目標。按照(zhao)黨(dang)(dang)中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)、國(guo)務院的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)決策部(bu)(bu)署，以及《中(zhong)(zhong)共中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang) 國(guo)務院關于深化(hua)國(guo)有(you)企業(ye)改革的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)指導意(yi)見》（中(zhong)(zhong)發(fa)〔2015〕22號，以下(xia)(xia)簡稱中(zhong)(zhong)發(fa)22號文件）提(ti)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“建(jian)立健全與(yu)勞動力(li)(li)市(shi)場基本適應、與(yu)企業(ye)經濟效(xiao)益和勞動生產率掛鉤(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)資決定和正常(chang)增長(chang)機(ji)制”，即(ji)“一(yi)(yi)適應、兩掛鉤(gou)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總要求，人力(li)(li)資源社(she)會保(bao)障部(bu)(bu)、財政部(bu)(bu)、國(guo)資委(wei)共同(tong)研究起草《關于改革國(guo)有(you)企業(ye)工(gong)資決定機(ji)制的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)見》（以下(xia)(xia)簡稱《意(yi)見》），2018年5月(yue)，《意(yi)見》經由(you)中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)全面深化(hua)改革委(wei)員會第一(yi)(yi)次會議審(shen)議通過，國(guo)務院正式印(yin)發(fa)。國(guo)資委(wei)作(zuo)(zuo)為共同(tong)牽頭(tou)單位，在積極參(can)與(yu)《意(yi)見》制定工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)時(shi)，根(gen)據《意(yi)見》精神，結合中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)企業(ye)改革發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)際情況，對(dui)中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)企業(ye)工(gong)資總額管(guan)理(li)制度體系進行全面修訂完善，同(tong)步制定了《辦法(fa)》。
作為《意(yi)見》在(zai)中(zhong)央(yang)企業落地(di)落實的配套文件(jian)制度，在(zai)近兩年的起草制定過程中(zhong)，國資委(wei)(wei)廣泛征求了各有關部(bu)門、地(di)方國資委(wei)(wei)以(yi)及(ji)全部(bu)中(zhong)央(yang)企業意(yi)見，期(qi)間數易(yi)其稿(gao)，最終由(you)國務院國資委(wei)(wei)黨委(wei)(wei)會和(he)主任辦公會審議(yi)通過，以(yi)國務院國資委(wei)(wei)令的形式(shi)正式(shi)公布。
問：制定《辦法》的主要目的和意義是什么。
答(da)：《辦(ban)法》是國資委(wei)首次以委(wei)令形式(shi)公開發布的中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)企業(ye)工資總(zong)額管理制度文件(jian)，充分體(ti)現了國資委(wei)對這項工作(zuo)的高度重(zhong)視。制定(ding)《辦(ban)法》的根本目的，是貫徹落實習(xi)近平(ping)新時(shi)代中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國特色社(she)會主義思想，增強中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)企業(ye)活(huo)力和(he)競(jing)爭力，促進中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)企業(ye)實現高質量發展。
中(zhong)央企業工資(zi)總額(e)管(guan)理，既要(yao)與國有(you)企業工資(zi)決定機制改革(ge)的總體(ti)方(fang)向保持一致(zhi)，又要(yao)充分(fen)體(ti)現中(zhong)央企業自身的經(jing)營發展(zhan)特點。此次出臺的《辦法》，緊扣《意見》的精神實(shi)質(zhi)，切實(shi)做(zuo)到了將出資(zi)人(ren)依(yi)法調控和企業自主分(fen)配有(you)機結合。
一是(shi)明(ming)確提出按(an)中(zhong)央(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)功能(neng)定(ding)位對工(gong)資(zi)總額實(shi)行(xing)分類管理。此(ci)次(ci)改革(ge)的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)創新點之一就是(shi)分類管理，將(jiang)工(gong)資(zi)總額預算備(bei)案制(zhi)管理的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)施范圍，擴大(da)到(dao)全(quan)部主(zhu)業(ye)處于充(chong)分競爭行(xing)業(ye)和領域的(de)(de)(de)商(shang)業(ye)類中(zhong)央(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)，由企(qi)(qi)業(ye)董事(shi)會依(yi)(yi)法依(yi)(yi)規自主(zhu)決定(ding)年度工(gong)資(zi)總額預算，國資(zi)委由事(shi)前核準轉變為(wei)事(shi)前引導(dao)、事(shi)中(zhong)監(jian)(jian)測(ce)和事(shi)后(hou)監(jian)(jian)督。
二(er)是明確(que)提(ti)出了對中(zhong)央企業工資(zi)總額實行分級管(guan)(guan)理。國(guo)資(zi)委負(fu)責管(guan)(guan)制度、管(guan)(guan)總量、管(guan)(guan)監督，中(zhong)央企業負(fu)責管(guan)(guan)內部自主(zhu)分配、管(guan)(guan)預(yu)算分解落(luo)實、管(guan)(guan)具體操作執行，國(guo)資(zi)委與中(zhong)央企業權責清晰、各司其職。
三是進一(yi)步(bu)完善中央企(qi)業(ye)(ye)工(gong)資(zi)總額與經濟(ji)效(xiao)益掛(gua)鉤決定(ding)機制。《辦法(fa)》圍繞建立健全(quan)“一(yi)適應(ying)、兩掛(gua)鉤”工(gong)資(zi)決定(ding)機制的(de)(de)(de)目(mu)標(biao)要求(qiu)(qiu)，進行了(le)一(yi)系(xi)列重大創新(xin)。如明(ming)確了(le)中央企(qi)業(ye)(ye)工(gong)資(zi)總額根據效(xiao)益決定(ding)，并按照效(xiao)率(lv)調整，進一(yi)步(bu)豐富(fu)了(le)工(gong)資(zi)與效(xiao)益掛(gua)鉤的(de)(de)(de)內涵，全(quan)面樹立“工(gong)資(zi)是掙出來”的(de)(de)(de)核心理念。再(zai)比如《辦法(fa)》進一(yi)步(bu)簡化(hua)了(le)出資(zi)人根據國(guo)家要求(qiu)(qiu)調控企(qi)業(ye)(ye)工(gong)資(zi)水平的(de)(de)(de)規定(ding)，突出了(le)出資(zi)人以管(guan)資(zi)本為主加(jia)強監管(guan)、簡政放權的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理導向，釋放了(le)積極的(de)(de)(de)改革信號。同(tong)(tong)時，《辦法(fa)》還(huan)明(ming)確了(le)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)同(tong)(tong)口徑增(zeng)人不增(zeng)工(gong)資(zi)總額、減人不減工(gong)資(zi)總額的(de)(de)(de)有關規定(ding)，鼓勵(li)中央企(qi)業(ye)(ye)提高(gao)用人效(xiao)率(lv)。
四是進一步強調深化(hua)企業內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)配(pei)(pei)(pei)制度(du)改革(ge)(ge)。《辦(ban)法》在(zai)宏觀層面完善國家、企業和(he)職(zhi)工(gong)三者工(gong)資分(fen)配(pei)(pei)(pei)關系的(de)同(tong)時，強調企業作(zuo)為內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)配(pei)(pei)(pei)的(de)責任主(zhu)體，應當持(chi)續深化(hua)內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)三項制度(du)改革(ge)(ge)，構建形(xing)成企業內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)管理人員(yuan)(yuan)能上(shang)能下、員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)能進能出、收(shou)入(ru)(ru)能增能減的(de)市(shi)場(chang)化(hua)勞動用工(gong)和(he)收(shou)入(ru)(ru)分(fen)配(pei)(pei)(pei)管理機制，切實承擔起(qi)搞好、搞活企業內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)配(pei)(pei)(pei)的(de)職(zhi)責。
五是進一步強調工(gong)資(zi)總(zong)額管理(li)的監(jian)督檢查，明確界(jie)定(ding)企業的違規責(ze)(ze)任。如(ru)明確對于(yu)實施(shi)備案(an)制管理(li)的企業，出現(xian)嚴重違反國家和國資(zi)委關于(yu)收(shou)入(ru)分(fen)配有關規定(ding)的，將(jiang)其工(gong)資(zi)總(zong)額預算管理(li)方(fang)式(shi)由備案(an)制調整為核準制，確保(bao)做到權責(ze)(ze)對等(deng)。同時，《辦法》明確將(jiang)企業工(gong)資(zi)總(zong)額管理(li)情(qing)況納入(ru)各(ge)項監(jian)督檢查范圍，與審計、巡視等(deng)工(gong)作形成合力(li)，切實保(bao)證監(jian)管到位。
總的(de)(de)(de)來(lai)說(shuo)，《辦法(fa)》較好地體現了中(zhong)(zhong)發(fa)(fa)22號文件的(de)(de)(de)改(gai)革要求，體現了黨的(de)(de)(de)十九(jiu)大提出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)堅持質量第一、效(xiao)益優先(xian)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)理念(nian)，符合此(ci)前國有(you)(you)企(qi)(qi)業改(gai)革座(zuo)談(tan)會提出(chu)強化正(zheng)向(xiang)激勵的(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)關精(jing)神，符合中(zhong)(zhong)央關于簡政放(fang)權、“放(fang)管服(fu)”的(de)(de)(de)改(gai)革要求，對促進中(zhong)(zhong)央企(qi)(qi)業實現高(gao)質量發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)、推動國有(you)(you)資本(ben)做(zuo)強做(zuo)優做(zuo)大，加快培(pei)育(yu)具有(you)(you)全球(qiu)競爭(zheng)力的(de)(de)(de)世界一流企(qi)(qi)業具有(you)(you)重要意義。
問：根據新的《辦法》，中央企業職工工資總額具體如何決定？
答：《辦(ban)法(fa)》緊(jin)緊(jin)圍(wei)繞建立健全(quan)“一適應(ying)、兩掛(gua)鉤”工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)決定(ding)(ding)(ding)機(ji)制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求，提(ti)出(chu)(chu)中(zhong)央(yang)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)額(e)預算主要(yao)按照(zhao)效益(yi)決定(ding)(ding)(ding)、效率(lv)(lv)調整、水(shui)(shui)平(ping)調控三個環(huan)節決定(ding)(ding)(ding)。一是工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)額(e)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)主要(yao)與(yu)(yu)(yu)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)效益(yi)增(zeng)(zeng)幅(fu)掛(gua)鉤聯(lian)動(dong)(dong)。《辦(ban)法(fa)》明(ming)確中(zhong)央(yang)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)額(e)預算與(yu)(yu)(yu)利(li)潤總(zong)(zong)額(e)等經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)效益(yi)指標的(de)(de)(de)(de)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)績考核目標值(zhi)掛(gua)鉤，并且根據(ju)目標值(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)先進(jin)(jin)(jin)程度(du)(du)確定(ding)(ding)(ding)不(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)預算水(shui)(shui)平(ping)，引導中(zhong)央(yang)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)通過(guo)完成高質量(liang)發(fa)展目標帶動(dong)(dong)職工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)額(e)合(he)理(li)有(you)(you)序增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)。二是工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)額(e)增(zeng)(zeng)幅(fu)應(ying)當(dang)根據(ju)效率(lv)(lv)水(shui)(shui)平(ping)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)適度(du)(du)調整。《辦(ban)法(fa)》提(ti)出(chu)(chu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)還應(ying)當(dang)通過(guo)人工(gong)(gong)(gong)成本投入(ru)產(chan)出(chu)(chu)效率(lv)(lv)、勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)生產(chan)率(lv)(lv)等指標對標進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)調整，突(tu)出(chu)(chu)引導企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)提(ti)高效率(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)管理(li)導向，進(jin)(jin)(jin)一步協調不(bu)同效率(lv)(lv)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)分(fen)配關系，提(ti)高企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)額(e)決定(ding)(ding)(ding)機(ji)制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)科學性與(yu)(yu)(yu)有(you)(you)效性。三是注重收(shou)入(ru)分(fen)配公平(ping)，國(guo)資(zi)(zi)委按照(zhao)國(guo)家有(you)(you)關部門發(fa)布(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)指導線和對非(fei)競爭類國(guo)有(you)(you)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)調控要(yao)求，對部分(fen)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)水(shui)(shui)平(ping)偏(pian)高、過(guo)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)與(yu)(yu)(yu)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，尤其(qi)是主業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)不(bu)屬于(yu)充分(fen)競爭行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和領域(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)過(guo)快(kuai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況(kuang)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)適當(dang)約束(shu)，確保(bao)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)職工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)平(ping)與(yu)(yu)(yu)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)幅(fu)度(du)(du)更加公平(ping)合(he)理(li)、規(gui)范有(you)(you)序。同時(shi)，對中(zhong)央(yang)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)承擔重大專項(xiang)任務、重大科技創(chuang)新項(xiang)目等特(te)殊(shu)事項(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，也明(ming)確要(yao)予以適度(du)(du)支持。
問：分類管理是當前深化國有企業改革的重要手段，《辦法》針對不同功能定位的中央企業采取了哪些差異化的工資總額監管措施。
答：《辦(ban)法(fa)(fa)》提出按(an)照功能(neng)(neng)定位(wei)對(dui)(dui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)總(zong)額(e)實(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)分(fen)類管理(li)。一(yi)(yi)是對(dui)(dui)不(bu)同(tong)功能(neng)(neng)定位(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)采取差(cha)(cha)異(yi)化(hua)(hua)的(de)管理(li)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)。對(dui)(dui)主業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)處于(yu)充分(fen)競爭行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)領(ling)域的(de)商業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)類中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)總(zong)額(e)預算(suan)(suan)原則上(shang)全(quan)(quan)部(bu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)備案制(zhi)管理(li)，由(you)(you)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)董事(shi)(shi)會(hui)在(zai)依法(fa)(fa)依規(gui)的(de)前(qian)(qian)提下(xia)，自(zi)主決定年度工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)總(zong)額(e)預算(suan)(suan)，國資(zi)委(wei)由(you)(you)事(shi)(shi)前(qian)(qian)核(he)準轉變為事(shi)(shi)前(qian)(qian)引(yin)導、事(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)監測(ce)和(he)(he)事(shi)(shi)后監督；對(dui)(dui)主業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)處于(yu)關(guan)系(xi)國家安全(quan)(quan)、國民(min)經(jing)濟(ji)命脈(mo)的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)關(guan)鍵(jian)領(ling)域、主要(yao)承(cheng)擔重(zhong)大專項任務(wu)的(de)商業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)類中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)以(yi)提供公共產品和(he)(he)服務(wu)為主的(de)公益(yi)類中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)總(zong)額(e)預算(suan)(suan)繼續實(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)核(he)準制(zhi)管理(li)。二是與(yu)國企(qi)(qi)國資(zi)改(gai)革試點工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)全(quan)(quan)面對(dui)(dui)接。對(dui)(dui)開展(zhan)國有(you)(you)資(zi)本投資(zi)、運(yun)營(ying)公司(si)或者混合(he)所有(you)(you)制(zhi)改(gai)革等試點的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，提出可(ke)以(yi)探索實(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)更加靈活高效(xiao)(xiao)的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)總(zong)額(e)管理(li)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)。三是對(dui)(dui)不(bu)同(tong)功能(neng)(neng)定位(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)實(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)差(cha)(cha)異(yi)化(hua)(hua)的(de)決定機(ji)制(zhi)。《辦(ban)法(fa)(fa)》規(gui)定，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)可(ke)以(yi)根據功能(neng)(neng)定位(wei)，在(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)總(zong)額(e)與(yu)經(jing)濟(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)益(yi)匹配的(de)大原則下(xia)，選取差(cha)(cha)異(yi)化(hua)(hua)的(de)經(jing)濟(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)益(yi)指標與(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)增長掛鉤，尤其是對(dui)(dui)于(yu)主業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)處于(yu)關(guan)系(xi)國家安全(quan)(quan)、國民(min)經(jing)濟(ji)命脈(mo)的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)關(guan)鍵(jian)領(ling)域、主要(yao)承(cheng)擔重(zhong)大專項任務(wu)的(de)商業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)類中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)公益(yi)類中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，可(ke)以(yi)探索結構(gou)化(hua)(hua)管理(li)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)，允許企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)在(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)總(zong)額(e)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)自(zi)主確定一(yi)(yi)定比例(li)的(de)保障性工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)總(zong)額(e)，與(yu)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)所承(cheng)擔特殊(shu)任務(wu)和(he)(he)公益(yi)性業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)完(wan)成情況(kuang)掛鉤，促進(jin)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)實(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)社(she)會(hui)效(xiao)(xiao)益(yi)和(he)(he)經(jing)濟(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)益(yi)有(you)(you)機(ji)統一(yi)(yi)，更好發(fa)揮各類中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)在(zai)經(jing)濟(ji)社(she)會(hui)發(fa)展(zhan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)功能(neng)(neng)作(zuo)用，更好地契合(he)了(le)當前(qian)(qian)分(fen)類推進(jin)國有(you)(you)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)改(gai)革發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)總(zong)體方(fang)(fang)向。
問：請介紹國資委下一步的工作安排。
答：《辦法(fa)》于2019年(nian)在(zai)中央(yang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)全面(mian)(mian)施行(xing)，此次對中央(yang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)工資總額決定機(ji)制(zhi)和管理(li)制(zhi)度(du)體系(xi)進(jin)行(xing)全面(mian)(mian)改(gai)革(ge)，事關(guan)中央(yang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)改(gai)革(ge)發展，事關(guan)廣(guang)大(da)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)職工切身(shen)利益，事關(guan)收入分配和諧(xie)有(you)序，涉(she)及面(mian)(mian)廣(guang)、政策性(xing)強、影響力大(da)。國資委(wei)將在(zai)今后(hou)一(yi)個時期，采(cai)取積(ji)極措施，統籌(chou)推進(jin)工作(zuo)，確保《辦法(fa)》全面(mian)(mian)貫徹(che)落實。
一是(shi)國資委將按照《辦(ban)法》，全(quan)面部(bu)署2019年中央(yang)企業(ye)工資總額(e)預算管理相關工作。
二是(shi)加快相關配(pei)套文件的(de)正式(shi)出臺。包(bao)括(kuo)《辦法(fa)》中(zhong)工(gong)資(zi)決定(ding)機制(zhi)的(de)具體實施規程(cheng)、備案制(zhi)管(guan)理(li)實施方案、周期制(zhi)管(guan)理(li)實施方案以及工(gong)資(zi)管(guan)理(li)特(te)殊事項(xiang)清單等，將盡快研究出臺完整的(de)工(gong)資(zi)管(guan)理(li)政策體系，以利(li)企業執(zhi)行。
三(san)是加大政(zheng)策(ce)宣(xuan)(xuan)貫(guan)和(he)培訓力度。國資委將組織(zhi)系(xi)列面(mian)向(xiang)中央企業(ye)的政(zheng)策(ce)培訓，通過(guo)政(zheng)策(ce)宣(xuan)(xuan)講、專家解讀、專題(ti)培訓等(deng)多種形(xing)式，確(que)保各中央企業(ye)準確(que)把(ba)握《辦法》精神實質，并推(tui)動(dong)中央企業(ye)制定和(he)完(wan)善本企業(ye)的工資總(zong)額管理制度體系(xi)。
四是協同(tong)(tong)推進工資分配(pei)相關(guan)配(pei)套改革。2019年(nian)，國資委將進一步(bu)深入推進中(zhong)央企業內部三項制度改革工作，加(jia)快(kuai)推進企業建立健全(quan)市場化勞動(dong)用(yong)工和收入分配(pei)管理機制，持續增(zeng)強企業活力與競(jing)爭力。同(tong)(tong)時，在加(jia)大出資人(ren)授(shou)權(quan)改革的同(tong)(tong)時，加(jia)強對中(zhong)央企業工資分配(pei)合(he)規性的監督檢查，強化事(shi)中(zhong)監測和事(shi)后監督，確保(bao)權(quan)力放得下、接得住。
【責任編輯：李瑛】